水浴提取、超声波和微波辅助提取枇杷叶中熊果酸的比较研究

Effect of water bath extraction, ultrasonic and microwave assisted extraction on ursolic acid from loquat leaves

中文关键词:  水浴  超声波  微波  熊果酸

英文关键词:water bath  ultrasonic  microwave  ursolic acid

中文摘要:

      目的 以熊果酸提取得率为指标, 研究对比水浴提取法、超声波提取法以及微波提取法提取枇杷叶中熊果酸的提取效果。方法 比较提取时间、温度、乙醇体积分数及料液比四个因素下三种方法的提起效果, 并在电子显微镜下进行比较研究。结果 在相同条件下, 微波法和超声波法提取率较接近, 均比水浴法高。在提取时间上, 当采用控温措施时, 超声波法比微波法和水浴法缩短提取时间至少20%, 当不采用控温措施时, 微波法比水浴法缩短时间至少92%, 比超声波法缩短90%；在提取温度上, 微波提取法比超声波法降低提取温度14.3%, 比水浴法降低至少25%；在乙醇体积分数上, 微波法和超声波法提取率均在乙醇体积分数85%时达到最高点, 比水浴法的高6.25%；在料液比上, 超声波法和微波法提取率达到最高点所需的料液比均比水浴法低, 微波法比超声波多消耗溶剂16.7%, 超声波法比水浴法减少消耗至少25%。结论 相比于水浴提取法, 超声波辅助提取法和微波辅助提取法在提取得率和效率上具有明显的优势, 超声波辅助提取法操作简便, 而微波辅助提取法效率更高, 但溶剂消耗更多。

英文摘要:

      Objective To compare the extraction effects of ursolic acid from loquat leaves by water bath extraction(WBE), ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave assisted extraction(MAE) taking the extraction rate of ursolic acid as the index. Methods The extraction effects of these three methods were compared on the factors such as extraction time, temperature, ethanol concentration and solid-to-liquid ratio. The comparison was performed with its electron microscopy image. Results In the same condition, extraction yields of MAE’s and UAE’s were similar, which were both higher than that of WBE. For the extraction time, when temperature control measures were used, UAE shortened the extraction time by at least 20% than MAE and WBE; when temperature control measures were not adopted, MAE shortened the extraction time by at least 92% than WBE and 90% than UAE. For the temperature, MAE reduced the extraction temperature by 14.3% than UAE and at least 25% than WBE. For the ethanol volume fraction, MAE’s and UAE’s extraction yields were peaked at a volume fraction of 85% ethanol which was 6.25% higher than that of WBE. For the solid-liquid ratio, MAE and UAE consumed less solvent than WBE when the yield of ursolic acid was peaked; MAE consumed solvent 16.7% more than UAE and UAE reduced solvent consumption by at least 25% than WBE. Conclusion Compared with WBE, UAE and MAE have the obvious advantages of higher extraction yields and efficiency. The operation of UAE is more simple, while MAE is more efficient but consumes more solvent.