| Objective: To understand the distribution and prevalence characteristics, virulence gene carriage, drug resistance trends and multi-drug resistance situation of Bacillus cereus in Ningxia region. Methods: A total of 312 strains of Bacillus cereus isolated from various monitoring points from 2010 to 2025 were subjected to biochemical and mass spectrometry re-identification, multiplex fluorescence quantitative PCR for virulence genes and microbroth dilution method for drug susceptibility testing, and the results were analyzed. Results: A total of 312 strains of Bacillus cereus were detected from 2010 to 2025, including 286 strains from food samples and 26 strains from cases. Among them, 78 strains were isolated in the early period, 112 in the middle period, and 122 in the late period. There were regional differences among the five cities, with the highest number in Yinchuan City, followed by Wuzhong City, and the lowest in Shizuishan City. The carriage rate of virulence genes in Bacillus cereus exceeded 97%. The dominant genotype was double positive for nheB+ and hblC+ (52.24%). The resistance rate to 15 commonly used antibiotics was as high as 99.36%, with resistance rates to ampicillin, penicillin, cefoxitin, and oxacillin all exceeding 90%. The strains were 100% sensitive to ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, vancomycin, and imipenem. The most common resistance pattern was AMP-PEN-OXA-CFX, accounting for 67.95%. Conclusion: The number of Bacillus cereus detected in Ningxia has been steadily increasing, showing diversity in terms of time, source, and region. The carriage rate of virulence genes is high, and the drug resistance situation is severe. Continuous monitoring of food and patients should be carried out, and effective measures should be taken for control to better ensure food safety and public health. |
