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| 2022-2024年上海青浦地产蔬菜中4种重金属污染现状及膳食风险分析 |
| Pollution status of 4 kinds of heavy metals and dietary risk analysis of local vegetables in Qingpu District, Shanghai in 2022–2024 |
| 投稿时间：2026-02-09 修订日期：2026-08-06 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 蔬菜 重金属 污染指数 膳食风险 |
| 英文关键词:vegetables heavy metal pollution index dietary risk |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 分析上海市青浦区蔬菜重金属的污染特征及膳食摄入风险。方法 2022—2024年期间采集上海青浦地产六类主栽蔬菜的809份蔬菜样品, 采用微波消解、电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定总砷、总汞、铅、镉含量。采用单因子污染指数法(single-factor pollution index, Pi)、内梅罗综合污染指数法(nemerow comprehensive pollution index, PN)评估其污染水平, 通过目标危害系数法(target hazard quotient, THQ)和综合目标危害系数法(total target hazard quotient, TTHQ)评估膳食摄入健康风险。结果 809份蔬菜样品重金属检出率80.2%, 4种重金属检出率由高到低依次为镉>总砷>铅>总汞, 平均含量依次为: 铅(0.0408 mg/kg)>镉(0.0182 mg/kg)>总砷(0.0123 mg/kg)>总汞(0.0013 mg/kg), 所有样品均符合GB 2762—2022《食品安全国家标准 食品中污染物限量》要求, Pi<1; 不同类别蔬菜的PN均<0.7, 其排序为茄果类=葱蒜类>瓜类>水生类>绿叶菜类>白菜类; 单重金属的THQ由高至低为总砷>镉>铅>总汞; 不同蔬菜类别的TTHQ排序为绿叶菜类>瓜类>白菜类>葱蒜类>水生蔬菜类>茄果类; 成人与儿童的TTHQ均<1。结论 研究表明, 该区域地产蔬菜总砷、总汞、铅、镉未表现污染情况, 处于安全水平; 通过膳食摄入蔬菜中的4种重金属对研究人群无明显健康风险。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To evaluate the pollution characteristics of heavy metals in vegetables from Qingpu District, Shanghai and analyze the risk of dietary intake. Methods A total of 809 vegetable samples from six major vegetable categories were continuously collected over three years from 2022 to 2024. The contents of total arsenic, total mercury, lead, and cadmium were determined by microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The pollution levels were assessed using the single-factor pollution index (Pi) and Nemerow comprehensive pollution index (PN). The health risks of dietary intake were evaluated using the target hazard quotient (THQ) and total target hazard quotient (TTHQ). Results The detection rate of heavy metals in 809 vegetable samples was 80.2%. The detection rates of the 4 kinds of heavy metals ranked in descending order: cadmium>total arsenic>lead>total mercury, their average content were ranked as lead (0.0408 mg/kg)>cadmium (0.0182 mg/kg)>total arsenic (0.0123 mg/kg)>total mercury (0.0013 mg/kg). All samples complied with the limits specified in GB 2762—2022 National food safety standard-Contaminant limits in food, with all Pi<1. The PN of different vegetable categories was all less than 0.7, and the order was solanaceous vegetables=onion and garlic vegetables>cucurbit vegetables>aquatic vegetables>leafy vegetables>cabbage vegetables. The single heavy metal THQ from high to low was total arsenic>cadmium>lead>total mercury. The order of TTHQ for different vegetable categories was leafy vegetables>cucurbit vegetables>cabbage vegetables>onion and garlic vegetables>aquatic vegetables>solanaceous vegetables. The TTHQ for both adults and children was less than 1. Conclusion The results indicate that the vegetables produced in this area are not contaminated by total arsenic, total mercury, lead, and cadmium, and are at a safe level. There is no significant health risk to the study population from dietary intake of these 4 kinds of heavy metals in vegetables. |
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