2024—2025年云南省养殖牛蛙兽药残留调查分析及风险评估

Investigation and analysis of veterinary drug residues and risk assessment of farmed Rana catesbeiana in Yunnan from 2024 to 2025

中文关键词:  养殖牛蛙  调查分析  兽药残留  污染指数  风险评估

英文关键词:Rana catesbeiana  investigation and analysis  veterinary drug residues  pollution index  risk assessment

中文摘要:

      目的 了解云南省牛蛙养殖环节用药情况及药物残留污染特征, 科学评估膳食健康风险。方法 基于云南省水产养殖重点品种质量安全专项监测数据, 利用单因子污染指数法、药物危害商法, 计算出牛蛙兽药残留污染水平和膳食健康风险。结果 在本次监测的105批次牛蛙中, 孔雀石绿、氯霉素等禁用药物未检出, 常规药物恩诺沙星和氟苯尼考药物残留检出率偏高, 恩诺沙星、氟苯尼考、磺胺类检出率分别为为77.14%、68.57%、14.28%; 基于一般消费量的膳食暴露评估, 摄入兽药残留最大暴露量的牛蛙产品, 成人和儿童日估计暴露量均低于日允许摄入量。结论 云南地区养殖牛蛙整体膳食暴露风险较低, 恩诺沙星、氟苯尼考、磺胺类等常规抗生素药物的违规使用(如超剂量、休药期不足)问题较为突出, 应予以重点关注, 需继续优化牛蛙养殖网格化管理, 筑牢牛蛙产品质量安全防线。

英文摘要:

      Objective To understand the drug use and drug residue pollution characteristics in the farmed process of Rana catesbeiana in Yunnan Province and scientifically evaluate the dietary health risk. Methods Based on the monitoring data of the special project on the quality and safety of key farmed varieties in Yunnan Province, the single factor pollution index method and the drug hazard quotient method were used to calculate the veterinary drug residue pollution level and dietary health risk of bullfrog. Results Among the 105 batches of Rana catesbeiana monitored this time, banned drugs such as malachite green and chloramphenicol were not detected and the detection rate of drug residues of conventional drugs enrofloxacin and florfenicol was relatively high. The detection rates of enrofloxacin, florfenicol and sulfonamides were 77.14%, 68.57% and 14.28%, respectively. Based on the dietary exposure assessment of general consumption, the estimated daily intake of Rana catesbeiana products with the maximum exposure of veterinary drug residues was lower than the allowable daily intake for adults and children. Conclusion The overall dietary exposure risk of Rana catesbeianas in Yunnan is relatively low, However, the illegal use of common antibiotics such as enrofloxacin, florfenicol and sulfonamides (including overdosage and failure to observe the withdrawal period) is a prominent problem, it should be given special attention. It is necessary to continue to optimize the grid management of Rana catesbeiana and build a safety defense line for the quality and safety of Rana catesbeiana products.