2023—2025年华东地区某市养殖水产品中喹诺酮类抗生素残留分析及膳食风险评估

Residual analysis and dietary risk assessment of quinolone antibiotics in aquaculture products from a city in East China, 2023—2025

中文关键词:  养殖水产品  喹诺酮  抗生素  膳食风险评估

英文关键词:aquaculture products  quinolone  antibiotic  dietary risk assessment

中文摘要:

      目的 调查华东地区某市养殖水产品中喹诺酮类抗生素的残留水平并评估其通过膳食摄入对各年龄人群的健康风险。方法 2023—2025年在该市养殖场随机采集水产品768件, 采用液相色谱-串联质谱法检测恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星等6种喹诺酮类抗生素残留。用点评估法, 计算不同年龄段人群的每日暴露剂量, 并通过危害熵法进行膳食风险评估。结果 共检出恩诺沙星、环丙沙星和氧氟沙星3种抗生素, 总体检出率为20.44%, 超标率为1.69%。恩诺沙星检出率最高(19.01%), 残留浓度范围为1.03~1177.00 μg/kg。膳食风险评估显示, 在平均及最大残留浓度暴露情景下, 各年龄段人群的危害熵值均小于1。结论 该市养殖水产品中喹诺酮类抗生素残留对各年龄段人群构成的膳食风险较低, 但仍需持续加强养殖环节用药监管, 保证居民膳食风险在可接受水平。

英文摘要:

      Objective To investigate the residual levels of quinolone antibiotics in aquaculture products from a city in East China and assess their health risks to residents via dietary intake. Methods From 2023 to 2025, a total of 768 aquaculture products were randomly collected from aquaculture farms of the city. The residues of 6 kinds of quinolone antibiotics, including enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, etc, were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A point assessment model was employed to estimate the daily exposure doses for different age groups, and the hazard quotient method was applied for dietary risks. Results The 3 kinds of antibiotics were detected, including enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, with an overall detection rate of 20.44% and an exceedance rate of 1.69%. Enrofloxacin showed the highest rate (19.01%), with residue concentrations ranging from 1.03 μg/kg to 1177.00 μg/kg. Dietary risk assessment indicated that under both average and maximum residue concentration exposure scenarios, the hazard quotients for all age groups were below 1. Conclusion The dietary health risks posed by quinolone antibiotic residues in aquaculture products from the city to various age groups are low. However, continuous efforts should be made to strengthen the supervision of drug use during aquaculture practices, so as to ensure that the dietary risks to residents remain at acceptable levels.