农产品中链格孢毒素的污染特征、毒性效应与脱毒技术研究进展

Research progress on contamination characteristics, toxic effects and detoxification technologies of Alternaria mycotoxins in agricultural products

中文关键词:  链格孢毒素  农产品  健康风险  毒性机制  脱毒技术

英文关键词:Alternaria mycotoxins  agricultural products  health risk  toxic mechanisms  detoxification technologies

中文摘要:

      链格孢霉菌(Alternaria species)广泛分布于田间与贮藏环境, 可产生链格孢酚(alternariol, AOH)、链格孢酚甲基乙醚(alternariol monomethyl ether, AME)、细交链孢酮酸(tenuazonic acid, TeA)等多种链格孢毒素。这些毒素在谷物、果蔬、干果及其加工制品中普遍存在, 是一类具有重要食品安全意义的新兴污染物。目前全球范围内已证实链格孢毒素呈现高检出率、多毒素复合污染的特征, 其长期暴露可通过细胞毒性、遗传毒性、氧化应激损伤、内分泌干扰等多种途径损害人体健康, 且多毒素共存时常表现出协同毒性效应, 进一步放大健康风险。本文系统梳理总结了链格孢毒素在全球不同地区各类农产品中的污染分布规律, 阐述了其毒性作用机制, 重点综述了当前物理、化学、生物三类脱毒控制技术的最新研究成果与应用局限, 并对未来该领域的研究方向进行了展望, 旨在为链格孢毒素的风险评估与全链条防控提供理论参考, 助力完善农产品质量安全保障体系。

英文摘要:

      Alternaria species are widely distributed in field and storage environments and can produce a variety of Alternaria mycotoxins, including alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), tenuazonic acid (TeA), etc. These mycotoxins could commonly contaminate in cereals, fruits, vegetables, dried fruits, and their processed products, posing significant food safety concerns as emerging contaminants of great significance to food safety. Globally, Alternaria mycotoxins have been confirmed to feature a high detection rate and combined contamination of multiple mycotoxins. Long-term exposure to these mycotoxins may cause adverse health effects through multiple pathways, including cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and endocrine disruption. Moreover, co-occurrence of multiple mycotoxins could lead to synergistic toxic effects, further amplifying health risks. This review systematically summarized the contamination distribution of Alternaria mycotoxins in various agricultural products across the world, elaborates on their toxicological mechanisms. Furthermore, recent advances in physical, chemical, and biological detoxification technologies, along with their limitations, are comprehensively reviewed. Finally, future research directions were proposed to provide theoretical support for risk assessment and integrated control strategies of Alternaria mycotoxins. This work will also contribute to the improvement of agricultural product safety and quality assurance systems.