食品中菌落总数快速检测技术研究进展

Research progress on rapid detection technologies for total plate count in food

中文关键词:  食品安全  菌落总数  快速检测技术  微生物检测

英文关键词:food safety  total plate count  rapid detection technology  microbiological detection

中文摘要:

      目的 食品菌落总数是评价食品卫生质量、监控生产过程及预测商品货架期的重要微生物指标, 检测速度的快慢决定了食品安全监管的时效性与精准度。食品传统检测方法GB 4789.2—2022平板计数法《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 菌落总数测定》虽为食品菌落总数检测“金标准”, 但操作耗时较长, 难以满足现代食品工业快速实时化检测的要求。本文综述了近十年食品菌落总数快速检测技术的研究进展, 着重分析介绍了各种快速检测平台如流式细胞术、快速测试片法、三磷酸腺苷生物发光法、电阻抗法、荧光定量聚合酶链式反应法、传感器、高光谱成像、介电谱、Soleris实时光电技术和表面增强拉曼光谱法等新型检测平台的原理特点与优化方法。在此基础上, 从检测灵敏度、抗基质干扰能力、检测定量能力、检测现场适用性等方面分析讨论了各类技术存在的问题和未来的发展趋势, 以期能够为食品微生物快速检测技术的深入研究和产业化开发提供参考。

英文摘要:

      Total plate count in food is a key microbiological indicator for evaluating food hygiene quality, monitoring production processes and predicting product shelf life; the speed of testing determines the timeliness and accuracy of food safety regulation. Although the traditional plate count method GB 4789.2—2022 National food safety standard-Microbiological testing of foods-Determination of total colony count is considered the “gold standard” for total colony count testing, it is time-consuming and fails to meet the real-time testing requirements of the modern food industry for rapid verification. This paper reviewed the research progress in rapid total plate count detection technologies over the past decade, focused on the analysis and introduction of the principles, characteristics and optimization methods of various rapid detection platforms, such as flow cytometry, rapid test strips, adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence, electrical impedance, quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction, sensors, hyperspectral imaging, dielectric spectroscopy, Soleris real-time photonic technology and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Based on this review, the paper analyzed and discussed the existing challenges and future trends of these technologies in terms of detection sensitivity, resistance to matrix interference, quantitative capabilities and on-site applicability, with the aim of providing a reference for in-depth research and industrial development of rapid food microbiological detection technologies.