新型检测技术在食品中致病菌检测和鉴定中的应用进展

Application progress of novel detection technologies in the detection and identification of pathogenic bacteria in food

中文关键词:  食源性致病菌  分子生物学技术  免疫学技术  即时检验（POCT）技术

英文关键词:foodborne pathogenic bacteria  molecular biology technology  immunological technology  point-of-care testing technology

中文摘要:

      食源性致病菌是导致食品安全事件的主要因素之一, 传统检测方法存在耗时长、灵敏度低、操作烦琐等局限性。近年来, 随着分子生物学、免疫学、生物传感技术以及即时检验(point-of-care testing, POCT)技术的快速发展, 多种食源性致病菌快速检测技术应运而生。本文系统综述了食品中致病菌快速检测领域的最新研究进展, 重点阐述了分子生物学技术(质谱技术、聚合酶链式反应及其衍生技术、等温扩增、高通量测序)、免疫学技术(酶联免疫吸附法、免疫层析、免疫传感器)的原理、特点以及由分子生物学技术、纳米技术、免疫学技术和信息技术交叉融合形成POCT技术的应用现状, 同时分析了各类技术面临的挑战, 并对未来发展趋势进行展望, 为食品中致病菌监测提供技术参考。

英文摘要:

      Foodborne pathogenic bacteria are one of the major factors leading to food safety incidents. Traditional detection methods have limitations such as time consumption, low sensitivity and complicated operation. In recent years, with the rapid development of molecular biology, immunology, biosensor technology and point-of-care testing (POCT) technology, a variety of rapid detection technologies for foodborne pathogenic bacteria have emerged. This paper systematically reviewed the latest research progress in the field of rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria in food, focused on the principles and characteristiced of molecular biology technologies (mass spectrometry, polymerase chain reaction and its derivative technologies, isothermal amplification, high-throughput sequencing) and immunological technologies (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunochromatography, immunosensors). It also summarized the application status of POCT technology formed by the interdisciplinary integration of molecular biology, nanotechnology, immunology and information technology. Meanwhile, it analyzed the challenges faced by various technologies, and prospected the future development trends, aimed to provide technical references for the monitoring of pathogenic bacteria in food.