冷等离子体-晒干加工对黑果枸杞中农药残留的影响

Effects of cold plasma-sun drying process on pesticide residues in Lycium ruthenicum Murr

中文关键词:  黑果枸杞  冷等离子体  农药残留  加工因子  风险评估

英文关键词:Lycium ruthenicum Murr  cold plasma  pesticide residues  processing factor  risk assessment

中文摘要:

      目的 明确冷等离子体-晒干对黑果枸杞干制过程中农药残留的影响机制。方法 以枸杞常用的啶虫脒、多菌灵、吡虫啉、哒螨灵、唑螨酯、乙螨唑6种农药为研究对象, 采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)测定干制各环节的农药残留量, 系统分析加工因子(processing factor, PF)及降解率的动态变化, 结合农药理化性质与工艺参数探讨残留变化机制, 并开展膳食暴露风险评估。结果 干制各环节对农药残留的影响差异显著, 水清洗为最优残留去除工序(对啶虫脒、多菌灵、吡虫啉、哒螨灵的降解率34.88%~73.14%), 冷等离子体处理后, 仅有唑螨酯和乙螨唑表现出降解作用; 经过干制工艺, 所有目标农药均未表现出现降解效果。膳食暴露风险评估显示, 6种农药的急性风险率与慢性风险率分别为0.001%~0.233%、0.001%~0.167%, 均远低于安全临界值。结论 研究证实该联合干制工艺下枸杞食用安全可控, 可为黑果枸杞加工农药残留管控及工艺优化提供理论依据与数据支撑。

英文摘要:

      Objective To clarify the mechanism of the effects of cold plasma-sun drying process on pesticide residues during the drying process of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. Methods The 6 kinds of commonly used pesticides in Lycium ruthenicum Murr, namely acetamiprid, carbendazim, imidacloprid, pyridaben, fenpyroximate and zeta-cypermethrin, were selected as the research objects. The pesticide residues in each drying stage were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), and the dynamic changes of processing factors (PF) and degradation rates were systematically analyzed. The residue change mechanism was explored in combination with the physicochemical properties of pesticides and process parameters, and a dietary exposure risk assessment was conducted. Results Each drying procedure exerted significantly different effects on pesticide residues. Water washing exhibited the best residue removal performance, with degradation rates of 34.88%–73.14% for acetamiprid, carbendazim, imidacloprid and pyridaben. Only fenpyroximate and etoxazole underwent degradation after cold plasma treatment. After the drying process, all target pesticides did not show degradation effects. The dietary exposure riskassessment showed that the acute risk rate and chronic risk rate of the 6 kinds of pesticides were 0.001%–0.233% and 0.001%–0.167 % respectively, both far below the safety critical values. Conclusion The study confirms that the combined drying process of Lycium ruthenicum Murr is safe for consumption and can provide theoretical basis and data support for pesticide residue control and process optimization in Lycium ruthenicum Murr processing.