2022—2024年河北省蔬菜中多元素污染水平及健康风险评估

Multi-element pollution levels and health risks assessment in vegetables in Hebei Province from 2022 to 2024

中文关键词:  多元素  蔬菜  电感耦合等离子体质谱法  暴露评估  目标危害系数法

英文关键词:multi-elements  vegetables  inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry  exposure assessment  target hazard quotient method  

中文摘要:

      目的 对2022—2024年河北省市售蔬菜中铅、铬、汞、砷、镉、锌6种元素的污染状况进行调查分析并开展不同人群风险暴露评估。方法 采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)对1330份蔬菜样品(12种)进行多元素检测, 将检测结果进行统计分析, 结合内梅罗污染指数法、目标危害系数法、综合目标危害系数法和致癌风险指数法对2~3、4~6、7~10、11~17、18~29、30~44、45~59、60~69岁及70岁及以上蔬菜消费人群中多元素进行暴露风险评估。结果 镉、铬、锌3种元素的检出率均在50%以上, 锌元素的检出率最高为95.1%, 汞元素的检出率最低为11.6%; 所有检出样品中锌含量最高(15.5 mg/kg); 12种蔬菜样品中韭菜的综合污染指数最高为0.254; 铬的目标危害系数值和致癌风险均高于其他元素, 应予以持续关注。结论 蔬菜中多元素的污染状况为安全水平, 经蔬菜摄入多元素暴露量整体不高, 健康风险较低, 并未对身体健康构成威胁, 由于儿童体重对非致癌和致癌风险的影响都比成人大, 因此低年龄组(2~6岁)的元素暴露量、综合目标危害系数值和致癌风险等评估结果与其他年龄段存在差异, 需重点关注。

英文摘要:

      Objective To investigate and analyze the pollution status of 6 kinds of elements (lead, chromium, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, zinc) in vegetables from markets in Hebei Province from 2022 to 2024, and to evaluate exposure risks for different populations. Methods The 1330 vegetable samples (12 kinds of) were tested for multi-elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Test results were statistical analyzed. The risks of exposure of multi-elements for vegetable-consuming populations, including those aged 2 to 3, 4 to 6, 7 to 10, 11 to 17, 18 to 29, 30 to 44, 45 to 59, 60 to 69 and 70 above, were evaluated via methods combined with Nemerow pollution index method, target hazard quotient method, total target hazard quotient method and carcinogenic risk index method. Results The detection rates of cadmium, chromium and zinc were all above 50%, with zinc having the highest detection rate of 95.1% and mercury the lowest of 11.6%; among all samples, the highest detected aoumut of zinc content was 15.5 mg/kg; among 12 kinds of vegetable samples, Chinese chives had the highest comprehensive pollution index of 0.254; chromium had highest target hazard quotient value and carcinogenic level, which should be continuously monitored. Conclusion The pollution status of multi-elements in vegetables from markets is at a safe level. The overall exposure for multi-elements through vegetable intake is not high, with low health risks and no threats to physical health. However, since the weights of children affect the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks more than the weights of adults, the assessment results such as element exposure levels, integrated target hazard quotient values, and carcinogenic risk for the younger age group (2–6 years) differ from those of other age groups, which should be focused on.