鲜食草莓采后保鲜技术研究进展

Research progress on postharvest preservation techniques of fresh-eating Fragaria anansissa Duch

中文关键词:  草莓  采后生理  保鲜技术  纳米技术

英文关键词:Fragaria anansissa Duch  postharvest physiology  preservation techniques  nanotechnology

中文摘要:

      草莓果实皮薄, 果肉含水量高, 采后生理代谢旺盛, 储运中易受机械损伤和微生物侵染而腐烂变质, 货架期短。为减少损失, 提升商品价值, 开发安全高效的保鲜技术至关重要。本文系统综述了近年来国内外草莓采后保鲜技术研究, 围绕物理、化学、生物、纳米材料及综合保鲜技术, 深入剖析了各类技术的保鲜机制与应用效果。物理保鲜通过环境控制, 抑制代谢过程来延缓果实衰老; 化学保鲜通过外加化学成分起到抑制微生物、抗氧化作用; 生物保鲜利用生物来源的天然物质或拮抗菌, 控制病原菌与水分流失; 纳米保鲜利用纳米材料的特殊性质如强抑菌、控释能力、增强阻隔等, 提升保鲜剂的效果或包装材料的性能。此外, 多技术联用的协同增效作用也显示出良好的应用前景。基于现有研究, 加强多组学技术解析保鲜机制, 推动新型生物源保鲜剂研发, 探索智能响应型包装材料的应用, 未来保鲜技术将向绿色、高效与智能化融合的方向发展。本文旨在为草莓采后保鲜技术研究提供理论依据, 并为工艺优化与产业应用提供科学指导。

英文摘要:

      Fragaria anansissa Duch fruits are characterized by thin skin, high flesh water content, and vigorous postharvest physiological metabolism, rendering them highly susceptible to mechanical damage and microbial infection during storage and transportation, which results in rapid decay and a short shelf life. To reduce losses and enhance commercial value, the development of safe and efficient preservation technologies is essential. This paper systematically reviewed recent domestic and international research on postharvest Fragaria anansissa Duch preservation, focused on physical, chemical, biological, nanomaterial-based and integrated preservation technologies, and provided an in-depth analysis of their preservation mechanisms and application effects. Physical preservation delayed fruit senescence by controlling environmental conditions to suppress metabolic processes. Chemical preservation employed exogenous chemical compounds to inhibit microorganisms and exert antioxidant effects. Biological preservation utilized naturally derived substances or antagonistic microorganisms to control pathogens and water loss. Nanomaterial-based preservation exploited the unique properties of nanomaterials-such as strong antimicrobial activity, controlled-release capability and enhanced barrier properties-to improve the efficacy of preservatives or the performance of packaging materials. Furthermore, the synergistic effects achieved by combining multiple technologies also demonstrate promising application prospects. Based on current research, future efforts should strengthen the use of multi-omics approaches to elucidate preservation mechanisms, promoted the development of novel bio-derived preservatives, and explored the application of smart responsive packaging materials, driving preservation technologies toward the integration of green, efficient and intelligent strategies. This review aims to provide a theoretical basis for research on Fragaria anansissa Duch postharvest preservation and offer scientific guidance for process optimization and industrial application.