2025年苏州地区市售淡水鱼虾中喹诺酮类抗生素残留风险评估

Risk assessment of quinolone antibiotic residues in freshwater fish and shrimp sold in Suzhou Area in 2025

中文关键词:  食品安全指数  喹诺酮类抗生素  风险评估

英文关键词:index of food safety  quinolones  risk assessment

中文摘要:

      目的 了解苏州地区市售淡水鱼虾中6种喹诺酮类抗生素的残留情况, 并进行膳食暴露风险评估。方法 随机采集2025年苏州市售鲜活淡水鱼虾样品97份, 采用固相萃取-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法检测6种喹诺酮类抗生素残留水平, 通过食品安全指数评估淡水鱼虾中喹诺酮类抗生素的暴露风险。结果 97件淡水鱼虾样品中喹诺酮类抗生素的总检出率为54.6% (53/97), 超标率为2.06% (2/97)。其中恩诺沙星的检出率最高, 为54.6% (53/97); 其次是环丙沙星, 检出率为14.4% (14/97)。恩诺沙星的含量范围为0.5~175.8 μg/kg, 环丙沙星的含量范围为0.4~48.0 μg/kg。97份样品中均未检出氧氟沙星、培氟沙星、诺氟沙星和洛美沙星。喹诺酮类抗生素的食品安全指数范围处于0.0023~0.0038之间, 远小于1。结论 本次研究中苏州市售淡水鱼虾中喹诺酮类抗生素检出以恩诺沙星和环丙沙星为主, 6种喹诺酮类抗生素对人体的健康风险处于安全水平, 暴露风险较低, 但儿童和老年人的暴露风险高于成年人, 应加强监管。同时为水产品质量评估及食品安全标准修订提供数据参考。

英文摘要:

      Objective To investigate the residues of 6 kinds of quinolone antibiotics in freshwater fish and shrimp sold in Suzhou Area and assess the dietary exposure risk. Methods A total of 97 freshwater fish and shrimp samples were randomly collected from the Suzhou market in 2025. The residue levels of 6 kinds of quinolone antibiotics were determined by solid-phase extraction coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The exposure risk of quinolone antibiotics in freshwater fish and shrimp was evaluated by the index of food safety. Results The overall detection rate of quinolone antibiotics in the 97 samples was 54.6% (53/97), and the exceedance rate was 2.06% (2/97). Enrofloxacin had the highest detection rate at 54.6% (53/97), followed by ciprofloxacin with the exceedance rate of 14.4% (14/97). The content range of enrofloxacin was 0.5-175.8 μg/kg, and that of ciprofloxacin was 0.4–48.0 μg/kg. Ofloxacin, pefloxacin, norfloxacin and lomefloxacin were not detected in any of the samples. The index of food safety for quinolone antibiotics ranged from 0.0023 to 0.0038, which was far below 1. Conclusion In this study, the quinolone antibiotics detected in freshwater fish and shrimp sold in Suzhou Area were mainly enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. The health risk posed by the 6 kinds of quinolone antibiotics to humans is at a safe level. However, the exposure risk for children and the elderly is higher than that for adults, indicating that enhanced supervision is needed. This study also provides a data reference for aquatic product quality assessment and the revision of food safety standards.