上海市市售食品接触用纸制品中3-氯-1,2-丙二醇的迁移水平及风险评估

Migration levels and risk assessment of 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol in food-contact paper products sold in Shanghai

中文关键词:  食品接触用纸制品  氯丙醇  迁移试验  风险评估

英文关键词:food-contact paper products  3-chloro-1,2-propanediol  migration test  risk assessment

中文摘要:

      目的 了解上海市市售食品接触用纸制品中的3-氯-1,2-丙二醇(3-chloro-1,2-propanediol, 3-MCPD)的迁移水平, 评估其对人群的健康风险。方法 本研究采集了119件纸杯、纸碟、纸盘、纸碗等作为样品。依据《2019年国家食品污染和有害因素风险监测工作手册(中卷)》, 选择10%乙醇、4%乙酸、橄榄油、异辛烷4种食品模拟物进行迁移实验, 分别采用欧盟食品接触材料的极端假设法和美国食品药品监督管理局(U.S. Food and Drug Administration, FDA)的消费因子评估法, 再结合不同迁移物的分配系数开展综合评估。结果 食品接触用纸制品中3-MCPD的检出率、超标率、迁移量在不同食品模拟物中差异均有统计学意义(χ2=113.24, χ2=119.58, χ2=115.21, P<0.001), 水性(10%乙醇)和酸性(4%乙酸)模拟物中检出率分别达71.43%、73.95%, 超标率为68.91%、70.59%, 平均迁移量为57.79 μg/kg、42.30 μg/kg; 油性模拟物(橄榄油和异辛烷)中检出率和迁移量相对较低。不同用途食品接触用纸制品的3-MCPD的检出率、超标率及迁移量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05), 仅异辛烷模拟物中检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.03, P=0.049)。不同销售环节间(农贸市场、商场、网店)纸制品的3-MCPD迁移无统计学意义(P>0.05)。膳食暴露评估显示, 10%乙醇、4%乙酸模拟物3-MCPD迁移的一般暴露人群(平均值、中位数)暴露量以及10%乙醇、4%乙酸、异辛烷模拟物迁移的高暴露人群(P95)暴露量, 均超过10%的每日耐受摄入量(tolerable daily intake, TDI), 采用FDA分配系数计算的综合膳食暴露量, 也均超过了10% TDI, 很可能构成潜在健康风险。结论 GB 4806.8—2022《食品安全国家标准 食品接触用纸和纸板材料及制品》实施之前市售食品接触用纸制品中的3-MCPD残留情况较为严重, 存在一定的人群健康风险, 作为食品接触用纸制品领域新发的高关注度污染物, 这类残留物质的风险不容忽视, 亟需进一步强化相关风险评估, 对可能来源的湿强剂采取管控措施。本研究为明确食品接触用纸3-MCPD迁移特征与风险, 为产业控污及健康防护提供支撑。

英文摘要:

      Objective To investigate the migration levels of 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) in food-contact paper products sold in Shanghai and assess their potential health risks to the population. Methods A total of 119 samples including paper cups, paper plates, paper dishes and paper bowls were collected. According to the 2019 manual China national food contamination and harmful factors risk monitoring (volume II), 4 kinds of food simulants (10% ethanol, 4% acetic acid, olive oil and isooctane) were selected for migration tests. The extreme assumption method for food contact materials specified by the European Union and the consumption factor evaluation method adopted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) were respectively applied, and a comprehensive evaluation was further conducted in combination with the partition coefficients of different migrants. Results Statistically significant differences were observed in the detection rate, exceeding standard rate and migration amount of 3-MCPD in food-contact paper products among different food simulants (χ2=113.24, χ2=119.58, χ2=115.21, P<0.001). The detection rates in aqueous (10% ethanol) and acidic (4% acetic acid) simulants reached 71.43% and 73.95%, respectively, with exceeding standard rates of 68.91% and 70.59%, and average migration amounts of 57.79 μg/kg and 42.30 μg/kg. The detection rates and migration amounts in oily simulants (olive oil and isooctane) were relatively lower. No statistically significant differences were found in the detection rate, exceeding standard rate or migration amount of 3-MCPD among paper products for different purposes (P>0.05), except for the detection rate in isooctane simulant (χ2=6.03, P=0.049). There was no statistically significant difference in 3-MCPD migration of paper products among different sales channels (farmers’ markets, shopping malls and online stores) (P>0.05). Dietary exposure assessment showed that the general-exposure population (mean and median) exposure levels from 3-MCPD migration in 10% ethanol and 4% acetic acid simulants, as well as the high-exposure population (P95) exposure levels from 10% ethanol, 4% acetic acid and isooctane simulants, exceeded 10% of the tolerable daily intake (TDI). The comprehensive dietary exposure calculated using the FDA partition coefficient also exceeded 10% of the TDI, which was likely to pose potential health risks. Conclusion Before the implementation of GB 4806.8—2022 National food safety standard-Food contact paper and board materials and their products, the residue of 3-MCPD in commercially available food-contact paper products is relatively serious, presenting certain health risks to the population. As an emerging high-concern contaminant in the field of food-contact paper products, the risks of such residues cannot be ignored. It is urgent to further strengthen relevant risk assessments and implement control measures for wet strength agents that may be the source. This study provides support for clarifying the migration characteristics and risks of 3-MCPD in food-contact paper, as well as for industrial pollution control and health protection.