2024年辽宁省草莓农药残留风险评估及其对品质的影响

Risk assessment of pesticide residues of Fragaria ananassa in Liaoning Province in 2024 and its effects on quality

中文关键词:  草莓  农药残留  风险评估  维生素C

英文关键词:Fragaria ananassa  pesticide residues  risk assessment  vitamin C

中文摘要:

      目的 根据草莓中农药残留情况进行风险评估, 并分析农药残留与草莓品质之间的相关性。方法 通过检测156批次草莓样品, 获得草莓中农药残留数据, 采用相关限量标准和膳食暴露评估方法评估草莓的急性膳食风险。同时检测草莓品质参数维生素C (vitamin C, VC)、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、果胶、固形物、硬度, 分析农药残留与品质的相关性。结果 156批次样品在104种目标农药中, 共检出19种农药残留, 未检出农药残留的样品占总样品数24.36%。检出3种以上(含3种)的农药多残留样品占样品总数的15.39%。检出最高的是植物生长调节剂矮壮素, 最大值为0.408 mg/kg, 检出率46.15%。杀菌剂检出最高的是啶酰菌胺, 检出率21.79%。杀虫剂检出最高的是螺螨酯, 检出率12.18%。检出的具有杀虫作用的农药均未在草莓上登记。急性膳食摄入风险水平均小于1。VC与矮壮素正相关, 可溶性糖与腐霉利正相关、与多菌灵正相关、与咪鲜胺负相关, 可滴定酸与氯虫苯甲酰胺、呋虫胺和肟菌酯负相关, 果胶含量与矮壮素正相关, 固形物与咪鲜胺负相关, 硬度与农药残留没有明显相关性。草莓农药残留检出率偏高, 存在农药多残留情况, 氯氰菊酯与烯酰吗啉存在超标情况(0.64%), 没有急性膳食摄入风险。适当喷施植物生长调节剂矮壮素, 对VC有积极影响, 但矮壮素未在草莓上登记, 需进一步筛选替代药剂。结论 本研究在评估草莓农药残留膳食风险的基础上, 探讨了农药残留与营养品质之间的关系。建立的安全与品质综合评估方法, 可用于其他高价值果蔬, 对指导科学用药、提升农产品质量与安全具有重要应用价值。

英文摘要:

      Objective To evaluate the risk of pesticide residues in Fragaria ananassa, and analyze the correlation between pesticide residues and the quality of Fragaria ananassa. Methods A total of 156 Fragaria ananassa samples were analyzed for pesticide residues. Based on the acquired pesticide residue data in Fragaria ananassa samples, the acute dietary risk of the target fruit was assessed by applying relevant maximum residue limits and dietary exposure assessment methodologies. Meanwhile, key quality parameters of the Fragaria ananassa-including vitamin C (VC), soluble sugar, titratable acid, pectin, solids and hardness were determined. The correlation between detected pesticide residues and these quality parameters was then analyzed. Results A total of 19 pesticide residues were detected among the 104 kinds of target pesticides across 156 sample batches. Pesticide-free samples accounted for 24.36% of the total, while samples containing multiple pesticide residues (≥3 types) represented 15.39%. Among the detected compounds, the plant growth regulator chlormequat showed the highest residual level, with a maximum concentration of 0.408 mg/kg and a detection rate of 46.15%. Among fungicides, boscalid had the highest detection rate (21.79%). Spirodiclofen was the insecticide with the highest detection rate among insecticides (12.18%). Notably, the pesticides with insecticidal effects detected had not been registered on Fragaria ananassa. The acute dietary intake risk was below 1. VC content was positively correlated with chlormequat. Soluble sugar showed a positive correlation with procymidone, positive correlation with carbendazim, and a negative correlation with prochloraz. Titratable acid was negatively correlated with chlorantraniliprole, dinotefuran and trifloxystrobin. Pectin content was positively correlated with chlormequat, while total solids were negatively correlated with prochloraz. Hardness exhibited no significant correlation with any pesticide residues. The detection rate of pesticide residues in Fragaria ananassa was high, with a wide variety of residues identified. Both cypermethrin and dimethomorph were found to exceed the standard limits (0.64%), however, no short term dietary intake risk was observed. Appropriate application of the plant growth regulator chlormequat had a positive effect on the VC content of Fragaria ananassa. But chlormequat was not registered for Fragaria ananassa, and further screening of alternative agents was required. Conclusion This study assesses the dietary risk of pesticide residues in Fragaria ananassa and investigates their association with key nutritional quality indicators. The integrated safety-quality assessment framework established can be extended to other high-value produce, providing practical value for guiding evidence-based pesticide application and enhancing the overall quality and safety of agricultural products.