中国11个省及自治区油莎豆氨基酸组成差异及其营养价值评价

Differences in amino acid composition and nutritional value evaluation of Cyperus esculentus in 11 Chinese provinces and autonomous regions

中文关键词:  油莎豆  氨基酸  营养价值评价  必需氨基酸  支链氨基酸  不同产地

英文关键词:Cyperus esculentus  amino acids  nutritional value assessment  essential amino acids  branched-chain amino acids  origin traceability

中文摘要:

      目的 探究新疆、河北、河南、山东、湖南、宁夏、云南、内蒙古、黑龙江、辽宁和吉林11个省及自治区油莎豆氨基酸组成特征与营养价值, 并构建基于氨基酸组成的产地溯源模型。方法 采用氨基酸分析仪对11个省及自治区不同品种的油莎豆样品进行检测, 分析产地和不同气候条件对油莎豆氨基酸含量的影响。从营养学角度, 通过必需氨基酸及支链氨基酸组成成分分析和氨基酸评分结果, 对11个省及自治区油莎豆氨基酸的营养价值进行综合评价。结果 油莎豆氨基酸种类丰富, 必需氨基酸占比在24%~36%, 支链氨基酸占比在12.02%~17.43%, 氨基酸评分显示, 11个省及自治区油莎豆的第一限制性氨基酸为甲硫氨酸, 在实际食用中推荐通过膳食搭配或营养强化弥补甲硫氨酸不足的短板。西南亚热带季风气候类型下谷氨酸和天冬氨酸含量显著高于其他气候条件。通过化学计量学软件, 采用k最近邻法(K-nearest neighbor algorithm, KNN)、偏最小二乘判别(partial least squares discriminant analysis, PLS-DA)和支持向量机(support vector machine, SVM) 3种模型进行产地溯源识别, 其中KNN模型表现最佳, 训练集识别率为96.97%, 交叉验证识别率达98.99%。结论 本研究探究了不同省及自治区油莎豆氨基酸的含量差异, 为油莎豆种植和后续油莎豆产品产业化提供参考依据。

英文摘要:

      Objective To investigate the amino acid composition characteristics and nutritional value of Cyperus esculentus from 11 provinces and autonomous regions in China (Xinjiang, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Hunan, Ningxia, Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Jilin), and establish a geolocation model based on amino acid composition. Methods Amino acid analyzers were used to test Cyperus esculentus samples from different varieties across these 11 provinces and autonomous regions, analyzing the effects of origin and varying climatic conditions on amino acid content. From a nutritional perspective, the nutritional value of Cyperus esculentus amino acids across the 11 provinces and autonomous regions was comprehensively evaluated through analysis of essential amino acids, branched-chain amino acid composition and amino acid scoring results. Results Cyperus esculentus exhibited a rich variety of amino acids, with essential amino acids accounting for 24%–36% and branched-chain amino acids ranging from 12.02%–17.43%. Amino acid scoring indicated that methionine was the primary limiting amino acid in Cyperus esculentus across all 11 provinces and autonomous regions. In actual consumption, it was recommended to address methionine deficiency through dietary combinations or nutritional fortification. Under the subtropical monsoon climate of Southwest Asia, the levels of glutamic acid and aspartic were significantly higher than under other climatic conditions. Using chemometric software, 3 kinds of models—K-nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and support vector machine (SVM)—were applied for origin tracing. The KNN model demonstrated the best performance, achieving a training set recognition rate of 96.97% and a cross-validation recognition rate of 98.99%. Conclusion This study investigates amino acid content variations in Cyperus esculentus across different provinces and autonomous regions, providing a reference for Cyperus esculentus cultivation and subsequent industrialization of Cyperus esculentus products.