动物源食品中农药残留标准体系发展现状与展望

Current status and prospects for the development of the pesticide residue standard system in animal-derived foods

中文关键词:  动物源食品  农药残留  标准体系  现状  展望

英文关键词:animal-derived foods  pesticide residues  standard system

中文摘要:

      动物源食品中农药残留标准体系建设对保障公众健康与国际贸易畅通至关重要。本研究系统梳理了我国动物源食品中农药最大残留限量(maximum residue limit, MRL)标准的发展现状, 对比探究了国际食品法典委员会(Codex Alimentarius Commission, CAC)、欧盟、美国、日本的相关标准体系, 并总结了我国标准体系的建设成效。我国动物源食品中的限量指标总数较2016年增长了20倍, 与国际标准(特别是CAC)的协同性持续提高, 监测与评估能力稳步增强。同时, 面临标准覆盖范围与检测方法配套性不足、残留物定义导则和风险评估技术缺乏, 以及与国际标准和贸易实际的适配度仍需提升等挑战。因此, 后续应着力于: 扩大标准覆盖范围, 填补特种畜禽、水产品、进口食品等类别; 加快配套检测方法的研发与标准化; 加强符合国情的本土化风险评估技术研究; 明确我国农药残留物定义导则; 深化国际协同, 增强标准体系的贸易适配度。以期完善更加科学全面、与时俱进的动物源食品农药残留标准体系, 为提升我国食品安全治理水平提供坚实理论支撑。

英文摘要:

      The establishment of a standard system for pesticide residues in animal-derived foods plays a vital role in protecting public health and facilitating international trade. This study systematically reviewed the current development of maximum residue limit standards for pesticides in animal-derived foods in China, conducted a comparative investigation into the relevant standard systems established by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC), the European Union, the United States, Japan, and summarized the achievements in the construction of China's standard system. The total number of limit indicators for animal-derived foods in China has increased by 20 times since 2016. Compatibility with international standards (particularly CAC standards) has been continuously enhanced, while monitoring and risk assessment capabilities have steadily improved. At the same time, China still faces challenges such as insufficient coverage of standards and supporting detection methods, the absence of guidelines for pesticide residue definition, insufficient localized risk assessment technologies, and the need to further improve adaptability to international standards and actual trade practices. Therefore, future efforts should focus on: expanding standard coverage to fill gaps for special livestock and poultry products, aquatic products, imported foods and other categories; accelerating the research, development and standardization of supporting detection methods; strengthening research on localized risk assessment technologies suitable for China’s national conditions; clarifying guidelines for the definition of pesticide residues in China; deepening international coordination to enhance the trade compatibility of the standard system. This study aims to further improve the scientific, comprehensive and up-to-date standard system for pesticide residues in animal-derived foods, so as to provide solid theoretical support for enhancing food safety governance in China.