2022—2025年陕南地区魔芋制品中铝污染状况及健康风险评估

Aluminum contamination status and health risk assessment of Amorphophallus konjac K. Koch products in Southern Shaanxi in 2022—2025

中文关键词:  魔芋制品  铝含量  风险评估

英文关键词:Amorphophallus konjac K. Koch products  aluminum content  risk assessment

中文摘要:

      目的 了解2022—2025年陕南地区魔芋制品铝污染水平及来源, 评估魔芋制品中铝膳食暴露风险。方法 系统性采集陕南地区109份魔芋制品, 按照GB 5009.182—2017《食品安全国家标准 食品中铝的测定》测定铝含量, 采用两种极端假设推算日均消费量(薯类消费量推算法和膳食纤维推荐摄入量反推法), 结合铝含量数据, 用“点评估”法计算风险商(chronic hazard quotient, cHQ), 评估膳食铝暴露风险。结果 109份样品铝检出率78.0%, 中位数28.8 mg/kg; 29份铝含量大于100 mg/kg的样品中, 散装制品占比65.5%、非即食制品占比86.2%, 基于薯类消费量推算法的一般消费水平下, 所有样品cHQ均小于1, 风险可接受; 仅在采用膳食纤维推荐摄入量反推法得到的理论消费量(0.0982 kg/d, 以推荐量平均值计)与铝含量P90 (261 mg/kg)双重叠加时, cHQ大于1, 提示存在理论上的潜在风险。结论 陕南地区魔芋制品铝含量整体处于较低水平, 一般人群常规消费安全。局部污染较为突出, 散装非即食制品为铝污染高风险品类, 建议将小作坊及农贸市场作为监管重点, 进一步降低居民膳食铝暴露风险。

英文摘要:

      Objective To investigate the aluminum contamination level and its sources in Amorphophallus konjac K. Koch products in Southern Shaanxi in 2022—2025, and assess the dietary exposure risk of aluminum from these products. Methods A total of 109 Amorphophallus konjac K. Koch products were systematically collected from Southern Shaanxi. The aluminum content was determined according to GB 5009.182—2017 National food safety standard-Determination of aluminum in foods. The average daily consumption was estimated under 2 kinds of extreme assumptions, namely the tuber consumption estimation method and the dietary fiber recommended intake back-calculation method. Combined with the aluminum content data, the chronic hazard quotient (cHQ) was calculated using the point assessment approach to evaluate the dietary exposure risk of aluminum. Results The detection rate of aluminum in 109 samples was 78.0%, with a median content of 28.8 mg/kg. Among the 29 samples with aluminum content exceeding 100 mg/kg, bulk products accounted for 65.5% and non-ready-to-eat products accounted for 86.2%. Under the general consumption level estimated by the tuber consumption estimation method, the cHQ values of all samples were less than 1, indicating acceptable risk. Only when the theoretical consumption (0.0982 kg/d, based on the average recommended intake) calculated by the dietary fiber recommended intake back-calculation method was combined with the 90th percentile (P90) aluminum content (261 mg/kg), the cHQ value was greater than 1, suggesting a theoretical potential risk. Conclusion The overall aluminum content in Amorphophallus konjac K. Koch products in Southern Shaanxi is relatively low, and conventional consumption by the general population is safe. However, localized contamination is prominent, and bulk non-ready-to-eat products are high-risk categories for aluminum contamination. It is recommended that small workshops and farmers’ markets be taken as key supervision targets to further reduce the dietary aluminum exposure risk of residents.