2024年四川省主要叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留的膳食暴露风险评估

Dietary exposure risk assessment of pesticide residues in main leafy vegetables in Sichuan Province in 2024

中文关键词:  叶菜类蔬菜  农药残留  膳食暴露  危害物风险系数  食品安全指数  急性膳食摄入风险

英文关键词:leafy vegetables  pesticide residues  dietary exposure  hazard risk coefficient  index of food safety  acute dietary intake risk

中文摘要:

      目的 探究四川省主要叶菜类蔬菜的农药残留情况, 评估其膳食暴露风险。方法 2024年采集全省16个市/州下属52个区县的5种叶菜类蔬菜(芹菜、大白菜、小白菜、油麦菜和菠菜)共769份, 应用气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)和气相色谱-串联质谱法(gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, GC-MS/MS)检测了氟虫腈等8类60种农药, 并采用危害物风险系数(hazard risk coefficient, R)、食品安全指数(index of food safety, IFS)和急性膳食摄入风险[以急性参考剂量(acute reference dose, ARfD)的百分比表示, 计作%ARfD]进行综合膳食暴露风险评估。结果 样品农药残留检出率为69.96%, 超标率为5.85%, 合格率为94.15%。芹菜、小白菜和菠菜中毒死蜱的R较高, 分别为6.75、2.57和8.79。丙环唑和苯醚甲环唑等14种农药的IFS不可接受(1.02~6.90)。氯氟氰菊酯等16种农药%ARfD均可接受(小于100%)。结论 四川省叶菜类蔬菜仍存在丙环唑等农药过量或超范围使用以及毒死蜱等禁限用农药违规使用的情况, 从而引发潜在的膳食暴露风险, 应加强对相关农药的监管力度和法规宣贯, 以保障四川省蔬菜产业的可持续发展和公众健康。

英文摘要:

      Objective To investigate the pesticide residue levels in main leafy vegetables in Sichuan Province, assess the dietary exposure risks to residents. Methods A total of 769 samples of 5 kinds of leafy vegetables (celery, Chinese cabbage, bok choy, romaine lettuce and spinach) were collected in 2024 from 52 counties across 16 cities/prefectures of Sichuan Province. The 60 kinds of pesticides from 8 categories, including fipronil, were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Dietary exposure risks were comprehensively evaluated using the hazard risk coefficient (R), index of food safety (IFS) and acute dietary intake risk [expressed as the percentage of the acute reference dose (ARfD, denoted as %ARfD)]. Results The overall detection rate of pesticide residues was 69.96%, with an exceedance rate of 5.85% and a compliance rate of 94.15%. Chlorpyrifos exhibited relatively high R values in celery, bok choy and spinach, at 6.75, 2.57 and 8.79, respectively. The 14 kinds of pesticides, including propiconazole and difenoconazole, showed unacceptable IFS values (1.02–6.90). The 16 kinds of pesticides, such as cyhalothrin, demonstrated acceptable acute dietary risks (%ARfD<100%). Conclusion Leafy vegetables in Sichuan Province still show issues of excessive or off-label use of pesticides such as propiconazole, as well as the illegal use of banned or restricted pesticides like chlorpyrifos, posing potential dietary exposure risks. Strengthened regulation and enforcement regarding these pesticides are needed to support the sustainable development of Sichuan’s vegetable industry and to safeguard public health.