食源性致病菌应对热胁迫下的分子机制研究进展

Research progress on the molecular mechanisms of heat stress in foodborne pathogens

中文关键词:  食源性致病菌  耐热机制  热胁迫应答

英文关键词:foodborne pathogens  thermotolerance mechanisms  heat stress response

中文摘要:

      食品加工与贮藏过程中, 热胁迫是影响食源性致病菌存活与致病风险的重要环境因素。为适应不利温度条件, 致病菌可通过多层次调控机制产生热胁迫应答, 从而维持细胞稳态并提高环境适应能力。近年来, 相关研究不断深入, 食源性致病菌应对热胁迫的分子机制逐渐得到揭示。本文围绕热胁迫条件下致病菌的主要应答策略进行综述, 重点总结其在细胞结构屏障重塑、基因表达调控、蛋白质稳态维持以及抗氧化防御与代谢调节等方面的研究进展, 并对相关调控机制进行归纳分析, 以期为深入理解食源性致病菌的热适应规律及食品安全风险防控提供理论参考。

英文摘要:

      Heat stress is a major environmental factor influencing the survival and pathogenicity of foodborne pathogens during food processing and storage. To survive adverse temperature conditions, these bacteria can generate heat stress responses through multi-level regulatory mechanisms, thereby maintaining cellular homeostasis and enhancing environmental adaptability. In recent years, with the deepening of related research, the molecular mechanisms gradually reveale of foodborne pathogens responding to heat stress. This review summarized the major heat stress response strategies of foodborne pathogens, with emphasis on cell envelope remodeling, gene expression regulation, protein homeostasis, antioxidant defense and metabolic adaptation. It also discussed the regulatory mechanisms underlying these responses. This review provides a theoretical basis for understanding thermal adaptation in foodborne pathogens and for developing strategies to improve food safety control.