智能区块链在食品溯源系统的应用研究

Research on the application of smart blockchain in food traceability systems

中文关键词:  智能区块链  食品溯源  数据安全  供应链管理  智能合约

英文关键词:smart blockchain  food traceability  data security  supply chain management  smart contracts

中文摘要:

      目的 研究智能区块链技术在食品溯源领域的应用。方法 本研究构建一个融合物联网(internet of things, IoT)数据采集、区块链分布式存储与智能合约自动执行的系统架构。设计并实现了用户验证、数据存储、交易更新等核心智能合约模块; 以乳制品供应链为案例, 在Hyperledger Fabric平台上进行部署与测试。结果 相较于传统关系型数据库(My Structured Query Language, MySQL)集群, 该系统将追溯响应时间从68.2 h缩短至8.9 h(提升86.8%), 在共识机制正常运行条件下保障了节点间数据100%一致, 并将数据篡改风险从22.1%降低至0.7%(降低96.8%)。此外, 为期30 d的稳定性测试显示系统日均故障低于0.5次, 节点同步成功率高于99.9%。结论 此次研究提出的链上元数据索引与链下分布式存储协同方案, 平衡了数据可追溯性与系统存储扩展性; 通过模块化的智能合约设计, 实现了供应链数据的自动化、可信化流转, 为构建高效、透明、可信的食品溯源体系提供了具可行性的技术方案与实证依据。

英文摘要:

      Objective To study the application of intelligent blockchain technology in the field of food traceability. Methods This study constructed a system architecture that integrates internet of things (IoT) data collection, blockchain distributed storage and automatic execution of smart contracts. The core smart contract modules such as user verification, data storage and transaction update were designed and implemented; taking the dairy product supply chain as a case, deployment and testing were carried out on the Hyperledger Fabric platform. Results Compared to traditional My Structured Query Language (MySQL) clusters, this system reduced the traceability response time from 68.2 h to 8.9 h (a reduction of 86.8%), ensured 100% consistency of data between nodes under normal consensus mechanism operation conditions and reduced the risk of data tampering from 22.1% to 0.7% (a decrease of 96.8%). In addition, a 30 d stability test showed that the system had less than 0.5 daily failures and a node synchronization success rate of over 99.9%. Conclusion From this, it can be seen that the collaborative solution of on chain metadata indexing and off chain distributed storage proposed in this study balanced data traceability and system storage scalability. Through modular smart contract design, the automation and trustworthy flow of supply chain data has been achieved, providing feasible technical solutions and empirical evidence for building an efficient, transparent and trustworthy food traceability system.