安顺市校园周边不同品类饮料中4种甜味剂添加量差异及潜在风险分析

Analysis of usage variation and potential risks of 4 kinds of sweeteners in different beverage categories around school campuses in Anshun City

中文关键词:  甜味剂  校园环境  饮料品类  合规性  暴露贡献  潜在风险

英文关键词:sweeteners  school environment  beverage categories  compliance  exposure contribution  potential risk

中文摘要:

      目的 从饮料品类细分视角, 分析校园周边市售饮料中甜味剂的分布特征、使用现状及通过饮料途径的暴露贡献。方法 随机采集风味饮料等7类饮料样本共计834份, 采用高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)检测糖精钠、安赛蜜、阿斯巴甜和纽甜4种甜味剂含量。依据GB 2760—2014《食品安全国家标准 食品添加剂使用标准》评价甜味剂使用合规性, 采用卡方检验分析不同品类间的差异。结果 特殊用途饮料的超标率最高(14.7%, 14/95), 风味饮料次之(14.6%, 36/247), 二者均高于咖啡饮料(0%, 0/15)。风味饮料中糖精钠超标率为(9.3%, 23/247)(标准规定不得用于饮料); 特殊用途饮料中纽甜的超标率为10.5% (10/95)。结论 校园周边饮料的甜味剂不合规问题存在明显的品类差异: 风味饮料是糖精钠超范围使用的重点品类, 特殊用途饮料是纽甜超限量使用的高发品类。建议对上述两类饮料实施季度靶向抽检, 并加强对甜味剂使用合规性的监管, 以期为校园周边饮料的靶向监管与青少年健康风险预警提供直接的科学依据。

英文摘要:

      Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics, usage patterns and exposure contribution via beverage consumption of sweeteners in beverages sold around school campuses from the perspective of beverage category segmentation. Methods A total of 834 samples from 7 beverage categories, including flavored beverages, were randomly collected. The content of 4 kinds of sweeteners (sodium saccharin, acesulfame potassium, aspartame and neotame) were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Compliance with sweetener usage was evaluated according to the GB 2760—2014 National food safety standard-Standard for the Use of Food Additives and differences among categories were analyzed using the chi-square test. Results Special purpose beverages had the highest non-compliance rate (14.7%, 14/95), followed by flavored beverages (14.6%, 36/247), both being higher than that of coffee beverages (0%, 0/15). The rate of unauthorized use of sodium saccharin in flavored beverages was (9.3%, 23/247) (its use was prohibited in beverages according to the standard). The exceedance rate of neotame in special purpose beverages was (10.5%, 10/95). Conclusion There are significant category-specific variations in sweeteners non-compliance in beverages around school campuses: Flavored beverages are the key category for the unauthorized use of sodium saccharin, while special purpose beverages are the high-risk category for neotame exceedance. It is recommended that quarterly targeted sampling and inspection be implemented for these 2 kinds of beverage categories, along with enhanced supervision of sweetener usage compliance, so as to provide direct scientific support for targeted regulation of beverages around school campuses and health risk warning for adolescents.