2022—2024年重庆市售食用菌中食源性致病菌污染状况分析

Analysis of foodborne pathogen contamination in edible fungi sold in Chongqing from 2022 to 2024

中文关键词:  食用菌  食源性致病菌  单核细胞增生李斯特菌  唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌  沙门氏菌  污染情况

英文关键词:edible fungi  foodborne pathogens  Listeria monocytogenes  Burkholderia gladioli  Salmonella  contamination

中文摘要:

      目的 分析2022—2024年重庆市售食用菌中食源性致病菌污染状况。方法 2022—2024年共采集木耳和银耳700份, 根据食品安全国家标准对其进行单核细胞增生李斯特菌、沙门氏菌和唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌检测。结果 700份样品中共检出阳性样本112份, 检出率16.00%。样品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌、唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌和沙门氏菌检出率依次为7.14% (50/700)、6.86% (48/700)和3.14% (22/700)。泡发和新鲜状态食用菌的致病菌检出率分别为20.00% (19/95)和18.69% (94/503), 明显高于干制的6.86% (7/102)。散装(包括自行简易包装)食用菌的致病菌检出率为18.41% (118/641)高于定型包装的3.39% (2/59)。不同采样地点中, 农贸市场检出率最高, 为22.84% (82/359), 网店2.27% (1/44)最低。结论 重庆市售食用菌受单核细胞增生李斯特菌和唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌的污染更为严重, 尤其泡发和新鲜状态的食用菌引发食源性疾病的风险更高。其污染程度与包装类型和流通环节有关。对此, 建议加强生产-流通-销售全链条监管, 形成全流程追溯闭环处置, 多渠道开展科普活动, 提高公众风险意识, 保障消费者健康。

英文摘要:

      Objective To analyse of foodborne pathogen contamination in edible fungi sold in Chongqing from 2022 to 2024. Methods A total of 700 samples of wood ear and tremella were collected in 2022—2024 and tested for Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella and Burkholderia gladioli according to the requirements of the national food safety standards. Results A total of 112 positive samples were detected among 700 samples, with a detection rate of 16.00%. The detection rates of Listeria monocytogenes, Burkholderia gladioli and Salmonella were 7.14% (50/700), 6.86% (48/700) and 3.14% (22/700), respectively. The detection rates of pathogenic bacteria in rehydrated and fresh edible fungi were 20.00% (19/95) and 18.69% (94/503), respectively, which were significantly higher than that in dried edible fungi (6.86%, 7/102). The detection rate of foodborne pathogens in bulk edible fungi (including self-made simple packaging) was 18.41% (118/641), which was higher than that in pre-packaged products (3.39%, 2/59). Among the different sampling locations, the detection rate of farmers’ market was the highest at 22.84% (82/359), and the lowest at 2.27% (1/44) in online shops. Conclusion The edible fungi sold in Chongqing are more seriously contaminated by Listeria monocytogenes and Burkholderia gladioli, with rehydrated and fresh edible fungi posing a particularly higher risk of foodborne diseases. The degree of pathogenic contamination of edible fungi is related to the type of packaging and the distribution link. In this regard, it is recommended to strengthen the supervision of the whole chain of production, circulation and sales, form a closed-loop disposal of the whole process of traceability, and carry out science popularization activities through multiple channels to enhance the public risk awareness and protect consumer health.