中国沿海地区水产品重金属及类金属污染状况和健康风险评估

Contamination status and health risk assessment of heavy metal and metalloid in aquatic products in coastal areas of China

中文关键词:  重金属  水产品  电感耦合等离子体质谱  污染程度  健康风险评估

英文关键词:heavy metals  aquatic products  inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry  pollution level  health risk assessment

中文摘要:

      目的 检测中国3个沿海地区水产品中的重金属及类金属含量, 分析不同种类水产品中重金属及类金属含量的差异性和相关性, 评估其污染程度及健康风险。方法 利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)测定14种重金属及类金属含量, 分析其在不同水产品中的分布与相关性: 包括淡水鱼与海水鱼的含量差异, 以及鱼类、甲壳类与其他水产品3类样本间的两两比较。并采用单因子污染指数法、综合污染指数法及靶标危害系数法(target hazard quotient, THQ)评估了重金属及类金属污染水平和健康风险。结果 101个水产品样品中, 镉的超标率最高, 为3.96%, 铅和铬元素未出现超标。淡水鱼和海水鱼在铁、钴、锌、砷、硒、锶和镉含量上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其他水产品类别中铬、铁、钴、镍、铅含量均高于鱼类和甲壳类, 钒、锰、铜和镉在3类水产品中的含量差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05), 污染评价显示, 水产品中铬、砷、镉、铅处于安全水平, 但健康风险评估表明铬、铅、镍和铜存在较高的健康风险。相关性分析结果显示, 钡与锰(r>0.9, P<0.05)、钡与铁(r>0.8, P<0.05)、钡与铅(r>0.8, P<0.05), 以及铁与锰、铅之间(r>0.8, P<0.05)均存在较强的正相关。结论 水产品中的重金属及类金属总体污染程度较轻, 但镉污染问题较为突出; 食用水产品对人体健康存在一定风险, 需要加强监管并实施控制措施。此外, 重金属及类金属的累积量不仅受水产品种类的影响, 也与其他重金属及类金属成分的存在密切相关。

英文摘要:

      Objective To detect the heavy metal and metalloid content in aquatic products from 3 coastal areas of China, analyze the differences and correlations of heavy metal and metalloid levels among different types of aquatic products, assess the pollution level and health risks. Methods The content of 14 kinds of heavy metals and metalloid was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Their distribution and correlations in different aquatic products were analyzed, including the content differences between freshwater fish and marine fish, as well as pairwise comparisons among 3 sample categories: Fish, crustaceans and other aquatic products. Furthermore, the single-factor pollution index method, comprehensive pollution index method and target hazard quotient (THQ) method were employed to evaluate the heavy metal and metalloid pollution levels and health risks. Results Among the 101 aquatic product samples, cadmium had the highest exceedance rate at 3.96%, while lead and chromium did not exceed standard limits. Statistically significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in the content of iron, cobalt, zinc, arsenic, selenium, strontium and cadmium between freshwater and marine fish. The content of chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel and lead were higher in other aquatic products than in fish and crustaceans. Significant differences (P<0.05) were found in the content of vanadium, manganese, copper and cadmium among the 3 categories. Pollution evaluation indicated that chromium, arsenic, cadmium and lead were at safe levels, while health risk assessment revealed higher health risks for chromium, lead, nickel and copper. Correlation analysis showed strong positive correlations between barium and manganese (r>0.9, P<0.05), barium and iron (r>0.8, P<0.05), barium and lead (r>0.8, P<0.05), as well as between iron and manganese and lead (r>0.8, P<0.05). Conclusion The overall heavy metal and metalloid pollution in aquatic products is relatively mild, but cadmium pollution is notable. Consumption of aquatic products poses certain health risks, necessitating strengthened regulation and control measures. Furthermore, the accumulation of heavy metals and metalloid is influenced not only by the type of aquatic product but also closely related to the presence of other heavy metal and metalloid components.