超临界二氧化碳萃取法提取香青兰挥发油及其抗氧化活性研究

Study on the extraction of volatile oil from Dracocephalum moldavica L. by supercritical carbon dioxide and its antioxidant activity

中文关键词:  香青兰  超临界二氧化碳萃取  气相色谱三重四极杆质谱联用  抗氧化活性  成分分析

英文关键词:Dracocephalum moldavica L.  supercritical carbon dioxide extraction  gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry  antioxidant activity  component analysis

中文摘要:

      目的 探究香青兰(Dracocephalum moldavica L.)挥发油成分组成及抗氧化能力, 明确其活性物质基础与应用潜力。方法 采用超临界二氧化碳萃取法提取香青兰挥发油, 通过气相色谱三重四极杆质谱联用仪对挥发油系统性解析, 同时进行峰面积归一化法计算各成分的百分含量。采用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)自由基、2,2-联氨-双(3乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)[2,2’-azinobis- (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), ABTS]阳离子自由基清除法对香青兰挥发油体外抗氧化能力进行测试。结果 利用气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱联用仪从香青兰挥发油共鉴定出24种化合物, 其中脂肪酰胺类ER芥酸酰胺占比最高, 酯类化合物种类最多。进一步对挥发油进行体外抗氧化活性研究, 表明其对DPPH自由基、ABTS阳离子自由基均具有一定的清除效果, 且ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力[半数抑制浓度(median inhibition concentration, IC50)=1.44 mg/mL]优于DPPH自由基清除能力IC50=2.58 mg/mL。通过沃德聚类(Ward)分析发现, ER芥酸酰胺含量越高, 挥发油抗氧化活性越强, 经统计验证F=242且(P<0.001), 表明三群间的IC50差异极显著, 呈现出抗氧化活性从强到弱的梯度变化特征。结论 该研究不仅突破了传统提取工艺的局限性, 还明确了香青兰挥发油具有显著的体外抗氧化活性, 为香青兰挥发油的后续深入研究与产业化加工利用提供了坚实的科学依据及可靠的数据支持。

英文摘要:

      Objective To investigate the composition of the volatile oil of Dracocephalum moldavica L. and its antioxidant capacity, and clarify the active substance basis and application potential of this plant. Methods The volatile oil of Dracocephalum moldavica L. was extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction method. The volatile oil was systematically analyzed by gas chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The percentage content of each component was calculated by peak area normalization method. The in vitro antioxidant capacity of the volatile oil of Dracocephalum moldavica L. was tested by cationic free radical scavenging methods, such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+). Results Using a gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry instrument, 24 kinds of compounds were identified from the volatile oil of Dracocephalum moldavica L. Among them, the fatty amide type ER erucic acid amide accounted for the highest proportion, and the types of ester compounds were the most numerous. Further in vitro antioxidant activity studies were conducted on the volatile oil, indicating that it had certain scavenging effects on DPPH free radicals and ABTS cationic free radicals, and the ABTS cationic free radicals scavenging ability [(median inhibition concentration, IC50)=1.44 mg/mL] was superior to that of DPPH (IC50=2.58 mg/mL). Through Ward clustering analysis, it was found that the higher the content of ER erucic acid amide, the stronger the antioxidant activity of the volatile oil. Statistical verification showed F=242 and (P<0.001), indicating that the differences in IC50 values among the 3 groups were extremely significant, presenting a gradient change characteristic of antioxidant activity from strong to weak. Conclusion This research not only overcame the limitations of traditional extraction methods, but also clearly demonstrate that the volatile oil of Dracocephalum moldavica L. has significant in vitro antioxidant activity. It provides a solid scientific basis and reliable data support for the subsequent in-depth research and industrial processing and utilization of the volatile oil of Dracocephalum moldavica L..