中小型西瓜和水蜜桃新鲜度评价技术研究

Research on freshness evaluation technology of medium- and small-sized Citrullus lanatus and Amygdalus persica Honey Peach

中文关键词:  新鲜度  感官评价；理化分析  图像特征  地方特色农产品

英文关键词:freshness  sensory evaluation  physicochemical analysis  image feature  regional specialty agricultural products

中文摘要:

      目的 建立以消费者为中心的中小型西瓜和水蜜桃新鲜度评价技术体系和分等分级规范。方法 以地方性中小型西瓜和水蜜桃代表“8424”“金山小皇冠”和“南汇水蜜桃”作为研究对象, 通过感官、理化和无损分析多维度评价方法探究其新鲜度变化规律。结果 经西瓜新鲜度评价, 瓜蒂状态、香气与果肉质地权重较高, 瓜蒂评分和失重率与时间拟合良好(r2>0.90), 番茄红素等理化指标组间差异显著但无明确时间分级规律。水蜜桃在4 ℃与25 ℃储藏下, 果面缺陷、干缩程度等感官指标影响突出; 糖酸比、硬度等理化指标组间有差异, 仅维生素C含量随时间线性下降。图像特征相关性分析表明西瓜瓜蒂红绿蓝值(red green blue, RGB)、长度等图像特征与时间显著相关(|r2|>0.7), 水蜜桃绒毛状比率等9项特征亦具强相关性。结论 结合相关性、权重、无损特征分析和应用可操作性提出西瓜整瓜(瓜蒂状态、果皮状态、失重率)与剖面(果肉形态、口感、汁水性)各3项分级指标, 以及水蜜桃在不同温度下以果皮状态、绒毛状态、质地和维生素C含量为核心的分级依据。该评价体系指标清晰、操作简便, 可为地方特色农产品生产与销售标准化提供参考。

英文摘要:

      Objective To establish a consumer-centered technical system and grading specification for evaluating the freshness of medium- and small-sized Citrullus lanatus and Amygdalus persica ‘Honey Peach’. Methods Representative local medium- and small-sized Citrullus lanatus and Amygdalus persica ‘Honey Peach’, including “8424” and “Jinshan Xiaohuangguan” watermelons and “Nanhui honey peach” were selected as research subjects. A multi-dimensional evaluation approach combining sensory, physicochemical and non-destructive analyses was used to investigate changes in freshness. Results Stem condition, aroma and flesh texture carried higher weights, stem score and weight loss rate showed strong correlations with time (r2>0.94) in Citrullus lanatus freshness evaluation. While significant differences were observed among groups for physicochemical indicators such as lycopene, no clear time-based grading pattern emerged. For Amygdalus persica ‘Honey Peach’ stored at 4 ℃ and 25 ℃, sensory indicators including surface defects and shrinkage degree were prominent. Physicochemical indicators such as sugar-acid ratio and hardness showed inter-group differences, but only vitamin C content decreased linearly over time. Image feature correlation analysis revealed that Citrullus lanatus stem red green blue (RGB) values, length and other image features were significantly correlated with time (|r2|>0.7). The 9 feature indicators, including the fluff ratio of Amygdalus persica ‘Honey Peach’, also exhibited strong correlations. Conclusion Based on correlation, weight prioritization, non-destructive feature analysis and practical applicability, 3 grading indicators each are proposed for whole Citrullus lanatus (stem condition, peel condition, weight loss rate) and cut Citrullus lanatus (flesh morphology, taste, juiciness). For Amygdalus persica ‘Honey Peach’, grading criteria under different storage temperatures are established, focusing on peel condition, fuzz condition, texture and vitamin C content. The evaluation system features clear indicators and simple operation, providing a reference for standardizing the production and sales of regional specialty agricultural products.