西北某省市售面制品中铝残留量调查及膳食暴露风险评估

Investigation on aluminum residues and risk assessment of dietary exposure in flour products sold in a certain province in Northwest China

中文关键词:  面制品，铝，膳食暴露，风险评估

英文关键词:flour products  aluminum  dietary exposure  risk assessment

中文摘要:

      目的 调查西北某省市售面制品中铝残留量状况, 并对其人群膳食暴露风险进行评估。方法 采集2023—2024年西北某省市售油炸面制品、烘焙面制品、凉皮等共计333批次, 按照GB 5009.268—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中多元素的测定》中规定的电感耦合等离子质谱法进行检测, 运用污染指数法对面制品中铝残留量情况进行分析, 根据成人膳食消费量, 应用点评估方法对居民的铝膳食暴露风险进行评估。结果 在333批次面制品样品中, 铝的总体检出率为85.3%, 超标率为0%, 平均残留量为5.71 mg/kg。3种市售面制品中铝元素单因子污染指数均小于1, 综合污染指数均小于0.7, 污染水平为清洁, 污染等级为安全。该省成年居民通过4种市售面制品对铝的膳食暴露量平均值为每周0.019 mg/(kg·BW), 占铝的暂定每周摄入量(provisional tolerated weekly intake, PTWI)的0.97%。高暴露人群通过4种市售面制品对铝的膳食暴露量平均值为每周0.046 mg/(kg·BW), 占PTWI的2.32%。4种面制品中, 对铝膳食暴露量贡献最高的是油炸面制品。该省各年龄段不同性别成年居民(18~44岁、45~60岁、60岁以上男女)每日食用面制品铝膳食暴露量均值和第95百分数(P95)值均未超过PTWI, 说明该省市售面制品中铝膳食暴露风险较低。结论 2023—2024年西北某省各类市售面制品铝污染情况总体较轻, 安全程度较高, 各年龄段不同性别成年居民平均膳食暴露和高暴露膳食风险均在可接受范围内, 但仍需持续关注和监测面制品食品安全风险, 采取措施进一步防范和减少面制品中铝膳食暴露风险。

英文摘要:

      Objective To investigate the aluminum residue levels in flour products sold in a certain province in Northwest China and assess population dietary exposure risks. Methods A total of 333 fried flour products, baked goods and Liangpi sold in a certain province in Northwest China from 2023 to 2024 were collected. The products were tested using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method specified in GB 5009.268—2016 National food safety standard-Determination of multi-elements in foods, with contamination indices analyzed to evaluate aluminum residues. Dietary exposure risks were assessed using point evaluation methods based on adult consumption patterns. Results Among 333 batches of wheat flour product samples, the overall detection rate of aluminum was 85.3%, the exceedance rate was 0%, and the average residual concentration was 5.71 mg/kg. For the 3 kinds of commercially available wheat flour products, the single-factor pollution index of aluminum was all less than 1, and the comprehensive pollution index was all less than 0.7, indicating a clean pollution level and a safe pollution grade. The average dietary aluminum exposure of adult residents in this province through the 4 kinds of commercially available wheat flour products was 0.019 mg/(kg·BW), which accounted for 0.97% of the provisional tolerated weekly intake (PTWI) of aluminum. For the high-exposure population, the average dietary aluminum exposure through the 4 kinds of commercially available wheat flour products was 0.046 mg/(kg·BW), accounting for 2.32% of the PTWI. Among the 4 kinds of wheat flour products, fried wheat flour products contributed the most to dietary aluminum exposure. For adult residents of different genders and age groups (18–44 years old, 45–60 years old, and over 60 years old) in this province, both the mean value and the 95th percentile (P95) value of daily dietary aluminum exposure from wheat flour products did not exceed the PTWI, which indicated a low risk of dietary aluminum exposure from commercially available wheat flour products in this province. Conclusion In a province in Northwest China, various types of commercially available wheat flour products exhibit generally mild aluminum pollution and relatively high safety from 2023 to 2024. Consistent with the low aluminum residual levels detected, the average dietary exposure and high-exposure dietary risks of aluminum for adult residents across different genders and age groups remain within acceptable ranges. However, continuous attention and monitoring of food safety risks in wheat flour products are still necessary, and targeted measures should be implemented to further prevent and reduce the risk of dietary aluminum exposure from these products.