不同来源葫芦巴籽化学成分、结构特征与抗氧化活性分析

Analysis of the chemical composition, structure characterization and antioxidant activity of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seeds from different origins

中文关键词:  葫芦巴籽  化学成分  含量测定  抗氧化活性

英文关键词:Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seeds  chemical composition  content determination  structural characterization  antioxidant activity

中文摘要:

      目的 探究泰国(A)、河南商丘(B)、新疆农业大学陆港校区(C)、新疆和田学院药材种植基地(D)葫芦巴籽在化学成分、光谱特性、微观形貌和抗氧化活性方面的差异性。方法 本研究采用定性、定量分析明确葫芦巴籽中主要成分含量差异, 并利用紫外光谱分析、红外光谱分析、扫描电镜分析其结构特征, 通过体外抗氧化试验测定其对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine, DPPH)自由基、羟自由基和2,2’-联氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)[2,2’-biazo-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid), ABTS]阳离子自由基的清除能力, 以综合评估其抗氧化活性。结果 4种来源的葫芦巴籽化学成分含量不同, 多糖、皂苷、蛋白质、黄酮类、油脂、水分等成分含量最高为3.89% (B)、1.02% (C)、23.66% (D)、8.81% (A)、7.54% (C)、8.62% (B); 通过能谱分析测得, 其主要组成(重量百分比)中, C、O、N、P、K、S、Cl、Na、Mg的最高含量分别为72.36% (D)、43.87% (A)、10.25% (C)、2.01% (C)、3.33% (B)、0.6% (C)、0.33% (B)、0.39% (B)、0.25% (C); 扫描电镜形貌分析表明, 不同来源葫芦巴籽的水提取物和乙醇提取物在微观结构上存在明显差异; 葫芦巴籽水提物、乙醇提取物对DPPH自由基、羟自由基和ABTS阳离子自由基的半数清除质量浓度分别为: 水提物: 0.23~0.41, 0.65~3.72, 0.24~0.35 mg/mL; 乙醇提取物: 1.77~3.65, 0.16~4.93, 0.76~1.68 mg/mL, 并呈现良好的量效关系。结论 4种来源葫芦巴籽中主要含有多糖、皂苷、蛋白质、黄酮类、油脂等成分, 并含有C、O、N、P、K、S、Cl、Na、Mg。主成分分析综合评价表明, 新疆乌鲁木齐来源的葫芦巴籽综合品质较佳, 具有较好的抗氧化活性。

英文摘要:

      Objective To investigate the differences in chemical composition, spectral characteristics, microscopic morphology and antioxidant activity of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seeds from Thailand (A), Shangqiu Henan (B), Land Port Campus of Xinjiang Agricultural University (C) and the medicinal herb planting base of Hotan University (D). Methods Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted to determine the content differences of the main components in Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seeds. Structural characteristics were analyzed using ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy, as well as scanning electron microscopy. In vitro antioxidant experiments were performed to measure the scavenging capacity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH) radical, OH radical and 2,2’-biazo-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) cationic radical, providing a comprehensive assessment of their antioxidant activity. Results The chemical composition of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seeds from the 4 kinds of sources varied. The highest content of polysaccharides, saponins, proteins, flavonoids, oils and moisture were 3.89% (B), 1.02% (C), 23.66% (D), 8.81% (A), 7.54% (C) and 8.62% (B), respectively. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis revealed the highest weight percentages of the main elements as follows: C (72.36%, D), O (43.87%, A), N (10.25%, C), P (2.01%, C), K (3.33%, B), S (0.6%, C), Cl (0.33%, B), Na (0.39%, B) and Mg (0.25%, C). Scanning electron microscopy morphology analysis indicated significant microscopic structural differences in the water and ethanol extracts of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seeds from different sources. The half-maximal scavenging concentration of the water and ethanol extracts against DPPH radical, OH radical and ABTS cationic radical were as follows: Water extracts: 0.23–0.41, 0.65–3.72 and 0.24–0.35 mg/mL, ethanol extracts: 1.77–3.65, 0.16–4.93 and 0.76–1.68 mg/mL, respectively, demonstrating a clear dose-response relationship. Conclusion Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seeds from the 4 kinds of origins primarily contain polysaccharides, saponins, proteins, flavonoids, oils and other components, as well as elements such as C, O, N, P, K, S, Cl, Na and Mg. Principal component analysis comprehensively evaluate that Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seeds from Urumqi, Xinjiang, exhibite relatively superior overall quality and demonstrated good antioxidant activity.