西北某省市售食用植物油中铅污染情况调查及膳食暴露风险评估

Investigation on the pollution situation and risk assessment of dietary exposure of the lead in edible vegetable oil sold in a certain province in Northwest China

中文关键词:  食用植物油，铅污染，膳食暴露，风险评估

英文关键词:edible vegetable oil  lead pollution  dietary exposure  risk assessment

中文摘要:

      目的 分析西北某省市售食用植物油中铅污染状况, 并对其膳食暴露风险进行评估。方法 采集2023—2024年西北某省市售食用植物油样品共计335批次, 按照GB 5009.268—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中多元素的测定》中规定的电感耦合等离子质谱法进行检测, 运用污染指数法对食用植物油中铅污染情况进行分析, 根据成人膳食消费量, 应用暴露边界比(margin of exposure, MOE)方法对居民的铅膳食暴露风险进行评估。结果 在335批次食用植物油样品中, 铅的总体检出率为7.2%, 超标率为0%, 平均含量为0.014 mg/kg。6种食用植物中铅元素单因子污染指数均小于1, 综合污染指数均小于0.7, 污染水平为清洁, 污染等级为安全。西北某省各年龄段成年居民(18~44岁、45~60岁、60岁以上)每日食用植物油膳食暴露量平均值和高含铅食品暴露量(第95百分数P95)分别为0.008、0.010、0.010 μg/(kg·d)和0.035、0.041、0.041 μg/(kg·d), 各年龄段成年居民MOE均值和P95均大于1, 说明该省食用植物油中铅膳食暴露风险较低。结论 2023—2024年西北某省各类市售食用植物油铅污染情况总体较轻, 安全程度较高, 各年龄段成年居民平均膳食暴露和高暴露膳食风险均在可接受范围内, 但仍需持续关注和监测食用植物油食品安全风险, 采取措施进一步防范和减少食用植物油铅膳食暴露风险。

英文摘要:

      Objective To analyze the lead pollution situation in edible vegetable oils sold in a certain province in Northwestern China, and evaluate the risk of dietary exposure to lead. Methods A total of 335 edible vegetable oil samples were collected in a certain province in Northwest China from 2023 to 2024. The samples were tested using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method specified in GB 5009.268—2016 National food safety standard-Determination of neotame in foods, with a pollution index method applied to evaluate lead contamination levels. The risk of dietary lead exposure among residents was assessed using the margin of exposure (MOE) method based on adult consumption patterns. Results In the 335 batches of edible vegetable oil samples, the overall detection rate of lead was 7.2%, the exceeding standard rate was 0%, and the average content was 0.014 mg/kg. All 6 kinds of edible plant samples showed single-factor pollution indices was all less than 1, and comprehensive pollution indices was all less than 0.7, indicating clean contamination levels and safe exposure grades. The average daily dietary exposure to edible oil and high-lead food exposure (95th percentile P95) for adult residents in a certain province in Northwest China (18–44 years, 45–60 years, over 60 years) were 0.008, 0.010 and 0.010 μg/(kg·d) and 0.035, 0.041, 0.041 μg/(kg·d) respectively. The mean value and P95 value of MOE for adult residents of all age groups were greater than 1, which indicated that the dietary exposure risk of lead from edible vegetable oils in this province was relatively low. Conclusion From 2023 to 2024, lead contamination in commercially available edible vegetable oils across a certain northwestern province is generally mild with high safety levels. Both the average dietary exposure and high-exposure risks for adults of all age groups remain within acceptable ranges. However, continuous monitoring and attention to food safety risks associated with edible vegetable oils are still required. Further measures should be taken to prevent and reduce lead exposure risks through improved food safety practices.