2024年呼和浩特市售蔬菜农药残留调查及膳食摄入风险评估

Investigation of pesticide residues in commercially available vegetables and risk assessment of dietary intake in Hohhot in 2024

中文关键词:  农药残留  膳食暴露 食品安全指数  风险评估

英文关键词:pesticide residues  dietary exposure  food safety index  risk assessment

中文摘要:

      目的 了解2024年呼和浩特市市售蔬菜农药残留情况, 并开展膳食暴露风险评估。方法 以当地市售蔬菜为研究对象, 对68份样本进行农药残留分析测定, 建立慢性、急性膳食摄入风险评估模型, 用食品安全指数法评价农药蔬菜安全性, 综合评价蔬菜中农药残留对食用人群的危害。结果 在样品中共检测出22种农药残留, 含量在0.012~1.870 mg/kg之间, 超标参数为噻虫嗪、敌敌畏、氧乐果、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、对硫磷、甲拌磷, 超标率为8.82%, 蔬菜农药残留除氧乐果以外其他农药慢性摄入风险低, 对人体健康暂不足以构成危害, 氧乐果慢性暴露风险大于100%, 属不可接受风险, 随即进行急性暴露风险评估, 其急性膳食暴露风险值未大于100%, 急性暴露风险可接受, 流通环节中氧乐果的食品安全指数值大于1, 有一定风险。结论 呼和浩特市售蔬菜产品存在不同程度的农药残留污染, 通过本研究可以为其他农产品的农药残留评估提供借鉴, 进而为确保食品安全提供科学支撑。

英文摘要:

      Objective To learn the situation of pesticide residues in vegetables sold in Hohhot in 2024, and dietary exposure risk assessment should be conducted. Methods Vegetables sold in the local market were taken as research objects. A total of 68 samples were taken to carry out pesticide residue analysis and measurement, and a model that can be used to assess chronic and acute dietary intake risks was established. The method of food safety index was used to assess vegetables’ safety risks, and the hazards of pesticide residues in vegetables for consumers were comprehensively evaluated. Results The 22 kinds of pesticide residues were detected in samples, with a content between 0.012 mg/kg and 1.870 mg/kg. Parameters that exceeded standards included thiamethoxam, dichlorvos, omethoate, methylamino benzoate, parathion and phorate, with an over-standard rate of 8.82%. Except for omethoate, the chronic intake risks of other pesticides were low, with a low possibility of causing damage to human health. The chronic dietary exposure risk acceptable daily intake of omethoate was higher than 100, which should be regarded as an unacceptable risk. An acute exposure risk assessment was carried out immediately. The acute reference dose value was no higher than 100. The acute exposure risk was acceptable. The index of food safety value of omethoate in circulation was higher than 1, there was a certain risk. Conclusion Vegetable products sold in Hohhot have pesticide residues and pollution to varying degrees, and prohibited pesticides have still been detected in vegetables. This study can provide references for pesticide residue assessment of other agricultural products, thus providing scientific support for ensuring food safety.