2019—2025年欧盟食品和饲料快速预警系统通报的中国食品安全数据分析

Analysis of China’s food safety data reported by European Union rapid alert system for food and feed from 2019 to 2025

中文关键词:  欧盟食品和饲料快速预警系统  食品安全风险  预警分析  贸易出口

英文关键词:European Union rapid alert system for food and feed  food safety risks  warning analysis  trade export

中文摘要:

      目的 统计分析2019—2025年欧盟食品和饲料快速预警系统(rapid alert system for food and feed, RASFF)通报的中国食品安全数据, 确定我国食品质量安全问题。方法 依据2019—2025年欧盟RASFF通报的我国出口欧洲相关国家的食品安全风险数据, 通过数据处理软件对这些数据进行多维度的对比分析, 利用数据在产品类型、危险类别等不同维度中的分布特征、变化趋势和波动情况, 深入分析目前我国出口欧洲相关国家的食品质量安全问题。结果 2019—2025年RASFF系统对华的通报总数为1995例, 其中食品1172例占比最高, 食品接触材料744例次之, 主要的通报类型是边境拒绝通报; 荷兰、意大利、西班牙、德国、波兰是通报量排在前5的国家, 蔬菜和水果通报数量自2020年起稳居首位且远超其他产品, 农药残留是主要被通报项目; 2023年禽肉和禽肉制品被通报次数出现大幅增长, 原因是在鸡肉制品中检出氯酸盐。2024年掺假/欺诈和转基因食品问题较往年呈大幅增长, 原因是食品标签标注信息与实际产品成分不符、转基因成分信息的缺失。真菌毒素黄曲霉毒素B1在高风险产品花生中超标问题依然要引起重视。近几年出口欧盟的食品包装材料问题突出, 主要是尼龙和三聚氰胺塑料厨具中检出初级芳香胺迁移、有害元素和甲醛迁移超标。结论 通过对比分析2019—2025年欧盟RASFF系统通报的我国食品风险数据, 结合近年有关出口食品质量安全舆情, 分析总结我国出口食品被通报总体变化趋势及暴露出的问题, 为我国市场监管相关部门和相关生产企业提供参考。

英文摘要:

      Objective To statistically analyze the Chinese food safety data reported by the rapid alert system for food and feed (RASFF) of the European Union from 2019 to 2025 and identify the quality and safety issues of Chinese food products. Methods Based on the food safety risk data of Chinese exports to relevant European countries reported by the European Union RASFF from 2019 to 2025, a multi-dimensional comparative analysis was conducted using data processing software. By examining the distribution characteristics, trends and fluctuations of the data across different dimensions such as product types and hazard categories, an in-depth analysis was conducted on the current food quality and safety issues in China’s exports to relevant European countries. Results From 2019 to 2025, the total number of notifications from the RASFF system to China was 1995, with food notifications at 1172 ranking the highest, followed by food contact materials at 744. The primary type of notification was border rejection notifications. The top 5 countries in terms of notification volume were the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Germany and Poland. Notifications for vegetables and fruits had consistently ranked first since 2020, significantly surpassing other products, with pesticide residues being the main cause of notifications. In 2023, there was a significant increase in notifications for poultry meat and poultry products, primarily due to the detection of chlorate in chicken products. In 2024, there was a substantial rise in notifications for adulteration/fraud and genetically modified foods, mainly due to discrepancies between labeled information and actual product composition, as well as the absence of information on genetically modified components. Exceedances of aflatoxin B1, a fungal toxin, in high-risk products such as peanuts still require attention. In recent years, issues with food packaging materials exported to the European Union had been prominent, primarily involving the migration of primary aromatic amines, excessive levels of harmful elements and formaldehyde migration exceeding standards in nylon and melamine-based plastic kitchenware. Conclusion By comparing and analyzing the food risk data reported by the European Union RASFF system in China from 2019 to 2025, combined with recent public opinion on the quality and safety of exported food, this study analyzes and summarizes the overall trend of changes in the reported export food in China and the problems exposed, providing reference for relevant market supervision departments and production enterprises in China.