牦牛肉仪器分析和生物分析技术研究进展

Research progress on instrumental and bioanalytical techniques for the analysis of Bos grunniens meat

中文关键词:  牦牛肉  分析技术  真伪鉴别  品质评估  发展趋势

英文关键词:Bos grunniens meat  chromatographic analysis  mass spectrometry analysis  biological techniques  spectroscopic analysis

中文摘要:

      牦牛肉因具有高蛋白、低脂肪、富含多种氨基酸等特点, 市场需求持续增长。由于牦牛养殖成本高、产量低, 同时市场上牦牛肉掺假现象严重, 其产业发展受阻。精准分析技术是保障牦牛肉供给安全的关键。本文系统总结了近20年用于牦牛肉的分析技术即色谱、质谱(mass spectrometry, MS)、生物和光谱技术。其中色谱、MS及其联用技术可有效分析牦牛肉成分与结构; 生物技术中的聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)技术、DNA测序技术(DNA sequencing, DNA-seq)等可用于物种鉴定、基因分析, 免疫分析技术(immunoassay, IA)能有效检测牦牛肉兽药残留, 环介导等温扩增技术(loop-mediated isothermal amplification, LAMP)可用于牦牛肉掺假检测; 光谱技术在牦牛肉成分分析、新鲜度和产地鉴别等方面效果显著。化学计量学与光谱技术的结合有望实现牦牛肉成分的快速分析与准确鉴别, 推动牦牛品质分析朝着绿色、无损、智能方向发展, 为牦牛产业的科学研究、质量提升、市场监管以及可持续发展提供理论支撑与技术支持。

英文摘要:

      Owing to the high protein content, low fat levels, and rich amino acid profile of Bos grunniens meat, market demand has been steadily increasing. Due tohigh breeding costs, low production yields, and widespread adulteration practices have hindered the industrial development of Bos grunniens meat. Analysis technologies have played a crucial role in ensuring the safety of the supply of Bos grunniens meat products. This paper reviewed the analytical techniques applied to Bos grunniens meat assessment over the past 20 years, namely chromatography, mass spectrometry (MS), biological and spectroscopic techniques. In particular, chromatography, MS and their coupled techniques had proven effective in characterizing the composition and structure of Bos grunniens meat. Biological techniques, notably polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology, DNA sequencing (DNA-seq), and related methods, were applicable to species identification and genetic analysis. Furthermore, immunoassay (IA) demonstrate high sensitivity in monitoring veterinary drug residues, whileloop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) could be employed for adulterant detection. Spectroscopic techniques exhibited outstanding performance in compositional analysis, freshness evaluation and geographical origin tracing. The integration of chemometrics with spectroscopic techniques showed great promise forrapid analysis and accurate identification of Bos grunniens meat components, driving the evolution of Bos grunniens analysis toward eco-friendly, non-invasive and automated paradigms. It provides comprehensive technical references and theoretical support for quality improvement, market supervision, scientific research, and the sustainable development of the Bos grunniens industry.