2023年和2024年中国小麦中霉菌毒素污染现状研究

Investigation on mycotoxin contamination in wheat in China, 2023 and 2024

中文关键词:  小麦  霉菌毒素  液相色谱串联质谱法  酶联免疫法

英文关键词:wheat  mycotoxin  liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry  enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

中文摘要:

      目的 探究2023—2024年我国小麦样品中多种霉菌毒素污染情况。方法 随机采集我国小麦主产区共248份小麦样品(2023年145份; 2024年103份), 同时使用液相色谱-串联质谱法(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS)和酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)测定小麦中多种霉菌毒素的含量。结果 248份小麦中霉菌毒素的污染率达到98.0%, 这些毒素的阳性率范围在0.4%~87.1%, 平均污染水平在0.4~604.3 μg/kg。2024年小麦中呕吐毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮等管制毒素, 交链孢酚、恩镰孢菌素等新型毒素的阳性均值均低于2023年; 此外, 玉米赤霉烯酮ELISA法检测结果(2023: 91.5%, 88.5 μg/kg; 2024: 92.2%, 79.4 μg/kg)与LC-MS法(2023: 28.7%, 17.7 μg/kg; 2024: 29.1%, 5.0 μg/kg)相差较大。结论 2024年小麦霉菌毒素污染程度比2023年低, 同时也发现呕吐毒素-3-葡萄糖苷、交链孢酚和白僵菌素等在小麦中的污染水平较高。

英文摘要:

      Objective To investigate multiple mycotoxin contamination and patterns in Triticum aestivum L. samples from China in 2023 and 2024. Methods A total of 248 Triticum aestivum L. samples were randomly collected from the main wheat-producing areas of the country (2023: 145; 2024: 103). Simultaneous determination of various mycotoxins in Triticum aestivum L. using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The total exceeding rate of mycotoxin contamination in 248 wheat was 98.0%. The positivity rate for these mycotoxins ranged from 0.4% to 87.1%, with average contamination levels ranging from 0.4 to 604.3 μg/kg. Positive mean values for regulated toxins such as deoxynivalenol and zearalenone, and emerging toxins such as alternariol, and enniatins in wheat were lower in 2024 than in 2023. In addition, the results of zearalenone ELISA(2023: 91.5%, 88.5 μg/kg; 2024: 92.2%,79.4 μg/kg) had relatively large differencey from those of LC-MS(2023:28.7%, 17.7 μg/kg; 2024:29.1%,5.0 μg/kg). Conclusion Triticum aestivum L. mycotoxin contamination is less severe in 2024 than in 2023. Higher levels of contamination with deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, alternariol and beauvericin are also found in Triticum aestivum L..