稻谷中真菌毒素的暴露污染、检测技术及防控研究进展

Research progress on exposure, detection and control of mycotoxins in rice grains

中文关键词:  稻谷  真菌毒素  暴露  防控

英文关键词:rice  mycotoxins  exposure  control

中文摘要:

      真菌毒素具有肾毒性、肝毒性和致畸、致癌、致突变性, 能够危害食品安全和影响人体健康。作为全球最主要的粮食作物之一, 稻谷是世界近一半人口的主食来源, 其在采收前后常受到真菌毒素的污染。本文概括了稻谷中真菌毒素污染的主要种类及危害, 并对国内外稻谷暴露污染水平进行统计分析, 阐述比较了稻谷中真菌毒素常见检测分析技术, 如免疫法、色谱法、色谱-质谱法和光谱法等技术的发展现状, 讨论了稻谷采收前后常用的化学、物理和生物防控措施, 涵盖稻谷加工和储存环节的控制。对现有研究进展进行归纳总结, 对维护稻谷生产和食品安全、保障人们身体健康具有重要意义, 有利于稻谷及其制品的可持续发展, 为保障稻谷质量安全和减少真菌毒素危害提供了重要参考依据。

英文摘要:

      Mycotoxins possess nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, teratogenicity, carcinogenicity, and mutagenicity. They endanger food safety and affect human health. As one of the major global grains, rice is the staple food for nearly half of the world’s population. It is often contaminated by mycotoxins before and after harvest. This paper reviewed the main types and hazards of mycotoxins contamination in rice, and conducted statistical analysis of global exposure, elaborated and compared the development status of common detection techniques, such as immunoassays, chromatographic methods, chromatographic-mass spectrometric methods, and spectroscopic methods, discussed the commonly used chemical, physical, and biological prevention and control measures before and after rice harvest, including the control of rice processing and storage. The summary of the existing research progress is of great significance for maintaining the production and food safety of rice and ensuring human health. It is conducive to the sustainable development of rice and its products, and provides an important reference for ensuring the quality safety of rice and reducing the harm of mycotoxins.