病原微生物核酸快速提取及其微流控芯片研究进展

Advances in rapid nucleic acid extraction from pathogenic microbes and associated microfluidic chips

中文关键词:  细菌  真菌  病毒  核酸提取  微流控芯片

英文关键词:bacteria  fungi  virus  nucleic acid extraction  microfluidic chips

中文摘要:

      食品病原微生物污染是导致人类疾病的主要元凶之一。核酸扩增方法为食品安全提供了重要检测手段, 而如何快速得到病原微生物核酸是完成现场高效分析的关键。本文基于病原微生物不同的细胞壁结构特点, 总结比较了病菌或病毒的物理、化学、生物裂解方法原理及特性, 突出各种核酸快速提取方法的优点, 总结归纳各自适用范围及局限性; 综述了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, CTAB)、Chelex-100及固相萃取在快速核酸抽提和核酸纯化中的应用潜力; 概括了微流控芯片核酸提取快速方法的最新研究进展, 并指出了基于微流控芯片的核酸快速提取技术的未来研究方向。本文为食品安全的高效核酸检测技术提供了前处理方法参考, 以启发研究者更好地开发更有效的食源性致病微生物的前处理方法。

英文摘要:

      Foodborne pathogenic microorganism has been one of the leading causes of human diseases. The nucleic acid-associated method provides an important detecting means for guarding food safety. How to quickly obtain pathogenic nucleic acid from samples is crucial for efficient and on-site detection. Based on the cell wall structures of different kinds of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, this paper summarized the principles and characteristics of cell lysis methods in physical, chemical, and biological ways, outlined the strengths, weaknesses, and application fields of various rapid nucleic acid extraction methods, and reviewed the great potential of nucleic acid extracting and purifying procedures, such as cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) method, Chelex-100, and solid phase extraction. Notedly, this paper highlighted the novel ideas for extracting DNA by combining elaborately designed microfluidic chips. More intriguingly, this paper pointed out the research spots of microfluidic chip-aided nucleic acid extraction, which is expected to provide an efficient and novel solution for addressing the pretreament challenges of foodborne pathogens detection. Hopefully, this study could inspire more efficient and delicate pretreatment tools for assaying food safety.