2019—2020年我国南方六省荸荠农药残留和重金属污染特征调查与膳食暴露风险评估

Investigation of pesticide residues and heavy metal contamination characteristics and dietary exposure risk assessment of Eleocharis tuberosa from 2019 to 2020 in six provinces of Southern China

中文关键词:  水生蔬菜  荸荠  农药残留  重金属  污染特征  膳食暴露风险评估

英文关键词:aquatic vegetables  Eleocharis tuberosa  pesticide residues  heavy metal  pollution characteristic  dietary exposure risk assessment

中文摘要:

      目的 调查2019—2020年我国南方六省水生蔬菜荸荠的农药和重金属污染特征现状, 并进行膳食暴露风险评估。方法 2019—2020年, 在我国南方六省荸荠主产区的生产基地抽取162个批次的样品, 进行7种重金属和38种农药残留的检测, 并采用食品安全指数(index of food safety, IFS)法对荸荠中检出的农药和重金属进行安全性评价。结果 荸荠中农药残留和重金属污染整体合格率达到96.9%。其中, 38种农药中仅检出矮壮素, 且矮壮素的检出率为11.7%、超标率为3.1%。荸荠中重金属情况较好, 合格率达到100%。荸荠中铜和砷的检出率为100%, 镉、铬、铅、汞和镍的检出率也分别为58.6%、45.1%、17.9%、12.3%和3.1%。同时, 7种重金属的残留值均处于较低水平。从安全指数评价结果来看, 荸荠中农药和重金属的IFS和 均远小于1, 暴露风险在可接受范围。结论 我国南方六省荸荠主产区出产的荸荠质量安全情况较好, 农药残留和重金属风险在可接受范围内, 健康风险较小。

英文摘要:

      Objective To evaluate the situation of pesticide residues and heavy metal contamination in Eleocharis tuberosa from 2019 to 2020 in six provinces of Southern China, and conduct dietary exposure risk assessment. Methods A total of 162 batches of Eleocharis tuberosa samples were randomly collected from primary producing regions of six provinces Southern China in 2019—2020 to determine the content of 7 kinds of heavy metals and 38 kinds of pesticide residues. The safety status of pesticide residues and heavy metals detected in the samples was evaluated by the index of food safety (IFS) method. Results The total qualified rate of pesticide residues and heavy metal contamination in Eleocharis tuberosa was 96.9%. Among 38 kinds of pesticides, only chlormequat was detected in the samples, the detection rate of chlormequat was 11.7%, the overstandard rate was 3.1%. Heavy metal contamination in Eleocharis tuberosa was generally in good condition, the qualified rate was 100%, the most detected heavy metals were Cu and As, which had 100% detection rates, the detection rates of Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg and Ni were 58.6%, 45.1%, 17.9%, 12.3% and 3.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, the residual values of 7 kinds of heavy metal were at a low level. The index of food safety evaluation results showed that IFS and were all less than 1, indicating that dietary exposure risk was at an acceptable level. Conclusion In general, the risk of pesticide residues and heavy metals in six provinces of Southern China in this study are within an acceptable range, indicating the quality and safety of Eleocharis tuberosa are relatively good.