多糖的磷酸化修饰及其生物活性研究进展

Research progress on phosphorylation modification and biological activity of polysaccharides

中文关键词:  磷酸化多糖  磷酸化修饰  生物活性

英文关键词:phosphorylated polysaccharide  phosphorylation modification  biological activity

中文摘要:

      多糖是由多个单糖分子经脱水缩合, 藉由糖苷键连接而成的天然大分子化合物, 在生物中有储存能量、信息传递和组成结构的作用。多糖的理化性质受其空间结构、分子量、侧链取代基类型、数量和位置的影响。选择合适的改性方法对多糖进行分子修饰, 提高其生物活性, 这是研究多糖构效关系及开发多糖产品的重要途径。磷酸化多糖是多糖经特定的化学方法进行磷酸基团结构修饰制备的衍生物。本文重点阐述了酸法、磷酰氯法和磷酸盐法3种磷酸化多糖的修饰工艺和工艺条件, 分析目前存在的问题, 归纳了磷酸化多糖在抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗病毒和免疫调节等方面的生物活性作用, 旨在为多糖的构效研究提供工艺参考和理论依据。

英文摘要:

      Polysaccharides were a natural macromolecular compounds formed by dehydration condensation of monosaccharide molecules and connected by glycosidic bonds, they are the functions of energy storage, information transmission and structure composition in organisms. The physical and chemical properties of polysaccharides are affected by their spatial structure, molecular weight, type, number and position of side chain substituents. It is an important way to study the structure-activity relationship of polysaccharides and develop polysaccharide products by selecting suitable modification methods to modify the molecules of polysaccharides and improve their biological activity. Phosphorylated polysaccharide is a derivative prepared by modifying the phosphate group structure of polysaccharide by a specific chemical method. This paper elaborated the modification processes and process conditions of phosphorylated polysaccharides by acid method, phosphorus oxychloride method and phosphate method, analyzed the existing problems, and summarized the biological activities of phosphorylated polysaccharides in the aspects of antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral and immune regulation, aiming to providing process reference and theoretical basis for the structure-activity study of polysaccharides.