荞麦生产和贮藏过程中农药残留和真菌毒素的控制措施

Control measures of pesticide residue and mycotoxin in buckwheat production and storage

中文关键词:  荞麦  生产  农药残留  贮藏  真菌毒素

英文关键词:buckwheat  production  pesticide residue  storage  mycotoxin

中文摘要:

      目的 研究荞麦生产过程中农药残留和贮藏过程中真菌毒素的变化趋势, 并提出相应的预防措施。方法 在荞麦收获前20 d用10种混合农药进行田间喷洒, 收获荞麦后进行农药检测, 每月1次, 为期4月。对36份刚收获的荞麦样品在密闭、湿度≥65%, 温度≥25 ℃的环境条件下储存3个月后进行黄曲霉毒素B1和赭曲霉毒素A测定。结果 混合农药中大部分农药在2个月内降解消失, 但部分农药2个月后仍有检出, 降解缓慢; 储存3个月后尽管荞麦整体处于较低的毒素污染状态, 但部分样品仍有黄曲霉毒素B1和赭曲霉毒素A检出。结论 需采用科学的植物保护措施, 同时严格贮藏条件, 以保障荞麦产品的安全。

英文摘要:

      Objective To study the change trend of pesticide residue and mycotoxin in buckwheat production and storage, and put forward the corresponding preventive measures. Methods Ten kinds of mixed pesticides were used to spray in the field 20 d before the harvest of buckwheat. After the buckwheat was harvested, the pesticide residue was detected once a month for 4 months. Totally 36 newly harvested buckwheat samples were stored in airtight environment with humidity≥65% and temperature≥25 ℃ for 3 months, then aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A were determined. Results The degradation of most of the mixed pesticides disappeared within 2 months, but some of them were still detected, and the degradation was slow. After 3 months storage under certain environmental conditions, although buckwheat was in a low level of toxin pollution, aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A were still detected in some samples. Conclusion Scientific plant protection measures and strict storage conditions are needed to ensure the safety of buckwheat products.