我国蜂产品生产监管现状、问题及建议

Current situation, issues and suggestions of bee product production supervision in China

中文关键词:  蜂产品  蜂蜜  生产监管  食品生产许可

英文关键词:bee products  honey  production supervision  food production license

中文摘要:

      围绕蜂产品生产过程, 我国建立了“事前、事中、事后”监管制度, 初步建立起由法律、法规、规章、规范性文件、技术标准等构成的蜂产品生产监管法规体系, 将蜂蜜, 蜂王浆(含蜂王浆冻干粉), 蜂花粉, 蜂产品制品4类产品纳入食品生产许可范围。近年来, 我国蜂产品产量、出口量一直稳居世界前列, 质量安全处于较高水平, 但也存在一些问题。就产业而言, 主要是低端同质, 蜂蜜掺假, 果糖和葡萄糖等质量指标不合格及兽药残留。就监管而言, 主要是法规体系不完善, 标准体系难以适应行业发展; 部分企业食品安全意识淡漠, 管理制度落实不到位; 技术支撑薄弱, 生产监管体系和能力建设有待加强。做好蜂产品生产监管工作, 需多措并举, 综合施策。建议加强检验、品质评价、蜂产品制品研究; 完善相关法规、标准体系; 完善监管制度, 加强部门间政策协调与标准对接; 加强鉴别、追溯、风险预警等支撑技术建设, 实现“智慧监管”, 提高监管效能。

英文摘要:

      Around honey production process, our country has established the “advance, matter and afterwards” supervision system, preliminary established bee products production regulations system composed of laws, regulations, rules and normative documents, the technical standard, and the honey, royal jelly, bee pollen and bee products incorporated into the scope of food production license. In recent years, the output and export volume of bee products in China has always been steadily ranked in the forefront of the world, and the quality and safety of bee products are at a high level, but there are also some problems. As far as the industry is concerned, it is mainly low-end homogeneity, adulterated honey, substandard quality indicators such as fructose and glucose and veterinary drug residues. In terms of supervision, the main problems are those the legal system is not perfect and the standard system is difficult to adapt to the industry development. Some enterprises lack food safety awareness, and the management system is not in place. Technical support is weak, and the production supervision system and capacity building need to be strengthened. We should strengthen inspection, quality evaluation, research on bee products, improve relevant laws and standards, improve the regulatory system and strengthen policy coordination and standards among departments, and strengthen efforts to develop supporting technologies such as identification, traceability and early warning of risks, so as to achieve “smart supervision” and improve the efficiency of supervision.