基于核酸适配体建立的小分子危害物检测技术研究进展

Research progress on rapid detection model of small molecule hazardous based on nucleic acid aptamer

中文关键词:  小分子危害物  核酸适配体  纳米金  电化学传感器  荧光法

英文关键词:small molecular hazards  nucleic acid aptamer  nanogold  electrochemical transducer  fluorescence method

中文摘要:

      食品中小分子危害物污染是重要的食品安全问题之一, 加强其污染水平监测十分必要, 通常采用的仪器法和免疫分析法均无法实现对其的快速简便检测。核酸适配体作为抗体的替代分子, 有制备周期短、易改造、亲和力高等优点, 在食品中小分子危害物监测领域有着十分广阔的应用前景。目前基于核酸适配体建立的快速检测食品中小分子危害物的方法主要包括纳米金/荧光比色法、电化学传感法、酶联适配体法、时间分辨荧光法、荧光偏振荧光法、荧光共振能量转移法。本文综述了上述各方法的研究进展, 并列出了各方法的优缺点, 可作为实际检测中选择最合适方法的参考。

英文摘要:

      The pollution of small molecules is one of the important food safety problems, it is necessary to strengthen monitoring of its pollution levels. The commonly methods such as instrumental and immunoassay methods cannot quickly and easily detect the small molecules hazardous. As an antibody replacement molecule, nucleic acid aptamer has the advantages of short preparation cycle, easy modification and high affinity. It has a very wide application prospect in the field of monitoring small molecular hazards in food. At present, the rapid detection methods based on nucleic acid aptamer for small molecular hazards in food mainly include nano-gold/fluorescence colorimetric method, electrochemical sensing, enzyme-linked ligand method, time-resolved fluorescence method, fluorescence polarization fluorescence method, fluorescence resonance energy transfer method. This paper summarized the research progress of the above methods and pointed out their advantages and disadvantages, which could be used as a reference in order to select the most appropriate method in actual detection.