生物法防治黄曲霉毒素B1研究进展

Research progress on biological prevention and cure of aflatoxin B1

中文关键词:  微生物提取物  生物酶制剂  脱毒  黄曲霉毒素B1  生物法降解

英文关键词:microbial extracts  biological enzymes  detoxification  aflatoxin B1  biodegradation

中文摘要:

      黄曲霉毒素具有极强的致癌、致畸和致突变作用。受黄曲霉毒素污染的粮食不仅给人体和动物的健康带来严重危害, 也给食品、畜牧等行业造成巨大经济损失。目前, 黄曲霉毒素降解方法研究已成为各国科研工作者的一个热点。生物法降解黄曲霉毒素较物理、化学等方法具有安全系数高、特异性强、绿色清洁等独特优势, 被视为最具发展前景和潜力的降解方法。利用微生物菌体的吸附作用、微生物酶解作用、微生物代谢作用等对黄曲霉毒素进行脱除, 已逐渐成为生物法消减黄曲霉毒素的重要研究方向。通过筛选和改造获得可脱除黄曲霉毒素的优良菌株; 通过分离、提取、纯化等手段获得高纯度和高活性的微生物源解毒产物; 通过改进和优化获得最佳脱除工艺等, 已成为研究生物法脱除黄曲霉毒素的重要手段和突破口。本文主要对国内外生物法防治黄曲霉毒素B1的研究进行综述, 并对今后生物防治的发展方向提出一些设想。

英文摘要:

      Aflatoxins (AF) have the effects of carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic. These polluted food crops not only bring great harm to human and animal’s health, but also cause tremendous economies loss in food industry, graziery and other related industries. Nowadays, the researches of aflatoxins degradation have been a hot issue. Compared with the physical and chemical methods, biological methods are the potential way to degrade aflatoxins because of the advantages of high safety coefficient, strong specificity and green and clean. The removals of aflatoxin B1 by microbial adsorption, microbial enzymes and microbial metabolites have gradually become important research directions for biological removal and decrease of aflatoxins. The good strains removal of aflatoxin B1 could be obtained by different ways of screening and transformation. The high purity and activity of the detoxification products of the microbial source could be obtained by the methods of separation, extraction and purification. After the improving and optimizing, the optimal process conditions of aflatoxin B1biodegradation could be achieved. Those have become the important ways and breakthrough in the study of biological methods to remove aflatoxins. This review mainly discussed the recent researches about biological methods for degrading afatoxin B1 from home and abroad. Moreover, some assumptions about the development directions of biological degradation were also proposed.