烟台市售蔬菜的重金属含量及食用安全性评价

Heavy metals content and edible safety evaluation of vegetables inYantai market

中文关键词:  蔬菜  重金属  食用安全性  健康风险

英文关键词:vegetables  heavy metals  edible safety  health risk

中文摘要:

      目的 对烟台市售蔬菜重金属食用安全性进行评价。方法 根据GB5009.12-2010、GB/T5009.15-2003、GB/T 5009.17-2003、GB/T 5009.11-2003分别对烟台市售蔬菜中的铅(plumbum, Pb)、镉(cadmium,Cd)、总汞(total mercury, Hg)、总砷(total arsenic, As)的含量进行检测, 采用单因子污染指数法、综合污染指数法和目标危害系数法对蔬菜的食用安全性进行评价。结果 烟台市蔬菜中Pb、Cd、Hg和As含量平均值依次为0.028、0.0044、0.00036、0.011 mg/kg, 均低于蔬菜卫生标准。单因子污染指数法和综合污染指数法评价结果表明, 蔬菜各元素为清洁水平, 各类蔬菜均为安全等级。蔬菜中各重金属的目标危害系数(target hazard quotient, THQ)均值大小为: Pb＞Cd＞As＞Hg, 均小于1, 单一重金属对人群健康风险不明显。复合健康风险指数从高到低依次为: 鳞茎蔬菜、叶菜类蔬菜、茎类蔬菜、甘蓝类/芸薹类、块根和块茎类蔬菜、鲜豆类蔬菜、非葫芦科茄果类蔬菜及瓜菜类(葫芦科)。结论 各类市售蔬菜对人群健康风险不大, 但是儿童的健康风险要高于成人。

英文摘要:

      Objective To evaluate the edible safety of heavy metals in vegetables in Yantai market. Methods According to GB5009.12?2010, GB/T5009.15?2003, GB/T 5009.17?2003 and GB/T 5009.11?2003, the content of plumbum (Pb), cadmium (Cd), total mercury (Hg), and total arsenic (As) were determined. The methods of single factor pollution index, comprehensive pollution index and target hazard quotient were used to assess the food safety of heavy metals in vegetables. Results The average concentrations of Pb, Cd, Hg and As element in vegetables were respectively 0.028, 0.0044, 0.00036 and 0.011 mg/kg, which were lower than the hygiene standards of vegetables. The single factor pollution index assessment showed that all elements could be regarded as clean levels, and the comprehensive pollution index evaluation method showed that all kinds of vegetables were at safe levels. The average of target hazard quotient (THQ) of heavy metals in vegetables was as follows: Pb＞Cd＞As＞Hg, which were all less than 1. The danger of single heavy mental on people was not obvious. The compound health risk index ranked from great to small was as follows: bulb vegetable, leaf vegetable, stem vegetables, cabbage/Brassica campestris vegetables, root and tuber vegetables, legume vegetables, solanaceous vegetables and cucurbitaceae vegetables. Conclusion There are no evident risks in eating vegetables, while the health risks of vegetables for children are larger than that for adults.