燕窝的研究现状

Research status of the edible bird's nest

中文关键词:  燕窝  唾液酸  生物活性  真伪鉴定

英文关键词:edible bird’s nests  sialic acid  biological activity  authenticity identification

中文摘要:

      燕窝是雨燕科金丝燕在繁殖的季节用唾液及其绒羽筑建而成的窝巢, 具有丰富的营养和药用价值。近年来燕窝消费量逐渐增加, 对燕窝生物活性及检测方法的研究越来越受到关注。燕窝的主要营养成分包括蛋白质、碳水化合物、微量元素以及水溶性氨基酸, 其中唾液酸为燕窝中主要的生物活性成分。燕窝不仅可以抗衰老、抗病毒、抗射线、降血压, 而且具有促进有丝分裂、促进细胞再生等功效。燕窝的真伪鉴定方法主要包括: 感官检测、理化鉴定、光谱鉴定、生物鉴定、色谱鉴定, 以及多种鉴定方法并用的手段。本文从燕窝产量、燕窝产品的加工工艺、燕窝行业法律法规三个方面对燕窝的产业状况进行了介绍, 对燕窝一般营养成分、主要功能成分及检测方法、主要功能作用、食用安全性、真伪鉴定方法进行了综述, 对燕窝以后的研究方向进行了展望, 为燕窝进一步研究提供依据。

英文摘要:

      Edible bird’s nests (EBN) are nests built with saliva and feather by swiftlets (Apodidiae) in the breeding season. EBN has a high nutritional and medicinal value. The research on biological activity and test method of EBN has attracted more and more attention with the consumption of EBN increasing in recent years. The main nutrients in EBN include protein, carbohydrate, microelement, and water soluble amino acid, with sialic acid as main bioactive components. EBN can not only be used to anti-aging, anti-viral, anti-radiation, anti-high blood pressure, but also can be used to promote mitosis and cell regenerating. Identification techniques of authenticity for EBN mainly include: sensory testing, physical and chemical identification, spectral identification, biological identification, chromatographic identification, as well as a variety of identification method using together. This article introduced the industry status of EBN from three aspects: output, processing technology, laws and regulations. This article reviewed the general nutrient components, functional components and detection method, main function, food security, authenticity of identification techniques. At last, this article prospected research directions in order to provide a basis for further study on EBN.