金属有机框架构建的生物传感器在真菌毒素检测中的应用研究进展

Research progress on the application of biosensors constructed with metal-organic frameworks for mycotoxin detection

中文关键词:  金属有机框架  生物传感器  真菌毒素

英文关键词:metal-organic frameworks  biosensors  mycotoxins

中文摘要:

      真菌毒素是一类由真菌代谢产生的有毒次级代谢产物, 广泛存在于谷物、坚果、乳制品等食品中, 具有强烈的肝毒性、肾毒性、免疫毒性及致癌性, 严重威胁人类健康与食品安全。传统检测方法如高效液相色谱-质谱法(high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, HPLC-MS/MS)虽具有高灵敏度和准确性, 但设备昂贵、操作复杂、耗时较长, 难以满足食品安全快速检测与现场检测的需求。近年来, 金属有机框架(metal-organic frameworks, MOFs)作为一类由金属离子/簇与有机配体自组装形成的多孔晶体材料, 因其高比表面积、可调孔径、优异的稳定性与多功能修饰性, 在构建新型生物传感器中展现出巨大潜力。尤其是在真菌毒素检测领域, MOFs基传感器在灵敏度、选择性及多重检测能力方面均取得了显著突破。本文系统梳理了2022—2025年MOFs基生物传感器在真菌毒素检测中的应用最新研究进展, 围绕MOFs的种类与结构特征, 检测机制与信号转导方式, 具体应用与代表性研究案例3个方面展开论述, 并对不同类型MOFs在真菌毒素检测中的优势与不足进行了比较。最后, 总结了当前MOFs基传感器在实际应用中面临的挑战, 包括复杂基质中的稳定性、规模化制备的可行性与多毒素同时检测的通用策略, 并对未来的发展方向提出展望, 旨在为后续开展MOFs材料在食品安全检测中的研究与应用提供参考。

英文摘要:

      Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungal metabolism, widely found in grains, nuts, dairy products and other foodstuffs. They exhibit potent hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, immunotoxicity and carcinogenicity, posing serious threats to human health and food safety. Traditional detection methods such as high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), while highly sensitive and accurate, are limited by expensive equipment, complex procedures and long processing times, making them unsuitable for rapid and on-site food safety testing. In recent years, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a class of porous crystalline materials formed by the self-assembly of metal ions/clusters and organic ligands, have shown great potential in constructing novel biosensors due to their high specific surface area, tunable pore size, excellent stability and multifunctional modifiability. Particularly in the field of mycotoxin detection, MOFs-based sensors have achieved significant breakthroughs in sensitivity, selectivity and multiplex detection capabilities. This review systematically summarized the 2022–2025 research progress in MOF-based biosensors for mycotoxin detection. It elaborated on 3 key aspects: The types and structural characteristics of MOFs, detection mechanisms and signal transduction methods, and specific applications with representative case studies. Additionally, compared the advantages and limitations of different types of MOFs in mycotoxin detection. Finally, the review addressed current challenges in the practical application of MOFs-based sensors, including stability in complex matrices, feasibility of large-scale production, and universal strategies for simultaneous detection of multiple toxins. Future research directions were also proposed. This work aims to provide a reference for subsequent studies and applications of MOFs materials in food safety detection.