花生蛋白的提取、改性及应用研究进展

Research progress in the extraction, modification and application of peanut protein

中文关键词:  花生蛋白  提取  改性  功能特性  应用

英文关键词:peanut protein  extraction  modification  functional properties  application

中文摘要:

      花生作为一种主要的油料作物, 其榨油后的饼粕含有丰富的蛋白质, 价值显著, 堪称“地下宝藏”。花生饼粕因种皮色素、植酸及致敏原等原因, 在食品工业中的利用率不足大豆粕的1/3, 多被低价饲用, 潜力远未释放。然而, 花生蛋白不仅是全球重要的植物蛋白来源之一, 更在农业、食品、营养乃至生态体系中扮演着多重角色。本文阐述了花生蛋白的组成成分、营养特性及提取技术, 总结了花生蛋白的改性技术研究进展, 并进一步着重探讨了花生蛋白的功能活性及在多个核心领域(食品工业、医药行业以及精细化学品领域等)的应用, 同时对其未来的开发利用进行了展望, 旨在为花生蛋白的深入研究与实际应用提供有力的参考。

英文摘要:

      As a major oilseed crop, peanut meal, the by-product after oil extraction, is rich in protein and holds significant value, often regarded as a “hidden treasure”. Due to the presence of seed coat pigments, phytic acid and allergens, the utilization of peanut meal in the food industry is less than 1/3 that of soybean meal. It is predominantly used as low-value feed, with its potential far from being fully realized. Nevertheless, peanut protein is not only one of the globally important plant-based protein sources but also plays multiple roles in agriculture, food, nutrition and even ecological systems. This paper delineated the composition, nutritional characteristics and extraction techniques of peanut protein, summarized recent advances in modification technologies, and further discussed the functional properties of peanut protein along with its application prospects in several key sectors—such as the food industry, pharmaceutical field, and fine chemicals sector. Additionally, it prospected future development and utilization of peanut protein, aiming to provide a robust reference for further research and practical application of peanut protein.